PROPAGATION BY BUDDING AND GRAFTING 117 



the quince, and yet the pear cion grows much larger than the 

 stock. In fact, it is just this difference in size and rate of 

 growth that constitutes the value of the quince root for dwarfing 

 the pear. When there is a marked difference in rate of growth 

 between the stock and cion, an enlargement will occur in the 

 course of time, either above or below the union. If this occurs 

 on the stem, it makes an unsightly tree. If the cion greatly 

 outgrows the stock, a weak tree is the result. 



The inter-relationships of stock and cion and the physiological 

 reactions in grafting have been made the subject of prolonged 

 study by the Frenchman, L. Daniel. In this field we are to 

 expect important applications to nursery practice in the course 

 of time. 



The mutual influence of cion and stock is a subject of per- 

 petual fascination. It has been much discussed, but without 

 real conclusions or much influence on practical operations 

 outside such matters as the operations of dwarfing and the 

 elevation of weeping heads on straight stocks. Some of the 

 real and supposed reciprocal influences may be mentioned : 

 graftage may modify the stature of a plant (dwarfing and 

 vice versa) ; adapt plants to adverse soils and climates ; correct 

 a poor habit; afford good trunks for weeping and drooping 

 plants; hasten and sometimes augment fruit-bearing; modify 

 the season of flowering or ripening ; increase the size and 

 modify the quality of flowers and fruits ; transmit disease. 



Classification of graftage 



There are three general divisions or kinds of graftage, be- 

 tween which, however, there are no decisive lines of separation : 

 1. Bud-grafting, or budding, in which a single bud is inserted 

 under the bark on the surface of the wood of the stock. 2. Cion- 

 grafting, or grafting proper, in which a detached twig, bearing 

 one or more buds, is inserted into or on the stock. 3. Inarch- 



