136 THE NURSERY-MANUAL 



extends only part way about the stem, as in the illustration, 

 the operation is sometimes known as veneer-budding. When 

 it extends entirely round the stem it is called ring- or annular- 

 budding. Flute-budding is usually performed late in spring. 

 It is best adapted to plants with very thick and heavy bark. 

 The bud is tied and afterwards treated in essentially the same 

 way as in shield-budding. A species of flute-budding in which 

 a ring of bark is slipped down on the tip of a shoot, 

 which has been girdled for the purpose, is called 

 whistle- or tubular-budding. 



Chip-budding (Fig. 151) inserts a chip of bark and 

 wood into a mortise in the stock. It is used in 

 spring, when the stock is dormant and the bark does 

 not slip. The bud is held in place by tying, and it 

 is better for being covered with wax. 



3. GRAFTING 



Grafting is the operation of inserting a cion (or 

 scion) or a twig comprising one or more buds 

 into the stock, usually into an incision in the wood. 



FT 151 ^ * s var i us ly divided or classified, but chiefly 

 Chip-bud- with reference to the position on the plant, and to 

 dmg - the method in which the cion and stock are joined. 



In reference to position, there are four general classes : 

 1. Root-grafting, in which the stock is entirely a root. 2. Crown- 

 grafting, on the crown or collar of the plant just at the surface 

 of the ground, an operation often confounded with root-grafting. 

 3. Stem-grafting, in which the cion is set on the trunk or body 

 of the tree below the limbs, a method occasionally employed 

 with young trees. 4. Top-grafting, in the branches of the 

 tree top. 



Any method of inserting the cion may be employed in these 

 classes. The best classification, particularly for purposes of 



