PROPAGATION BY BUDDING AND GRAFTING 143 



(Fig. 161 ; both from Peck, Cornell Reading-Course Lesson). 

 The buyer of apple or other trees is likely to place much im- 

 portance on the root system ; yet the orchard test may not 

 verify his likes or prejudices. Many years ago there was a 

 decided reaction against the well-formed whole root, and the 

 Stringfellow method practically removed the roots and 

 planted the root-stub. Fig. 162 represents what the planter 

 would call good root systems. How valuable they would 



FIG. 162. Good root systems. 



be to the orchard is quite another question; yet inasmuch 

 as abundant roots are the natural product of a tree, it is 

 fair to assume that they should be accepted at face value. 



Modified whip-grafts. 



There are many modifications of the whip-graft but it will 

 not profit us to pause long with them. 



The side whip-graft places the cion on the side of a stock 

 rather than on the end of it. The tongues in cion and stock 

 are cut the same as in the customary method already ex- 

 plained. 



An old-fashioned modification of the whip-graft leaves the 



