PROPAGATION BY BUDDING AND GRAFTING 157 



In time, the old stub becomes 

 hermetically sealed by the re- 

 parative tissue. Fig. 183 

 shows a section of an apple 

 graft nearly fifty years old. 

 The original stub, about an 

 inch in diameter, is still seen in the 

 center, the end of it entirely free from 

 the inclosing tissue. It is a dead piece of 

 wood, a foreign body preserved in the 

 heart of the tree. The depth of the old 

 cleft or split is traced in the heavily 

 shaded part of this 

 central core. When 

 this section was 

 made, the cores of 

 the old cions were 

 still found in the 

 cleft and the graft- 

 ing-wax faith- 



FIG. 183. Section of old 

 cleft-graft on apple tree. 

 Cion has outgrown the stock. 



id 



FIG. 182. The stub 



fully laid on a half 181 sp 1 ^ through the 



, M , cleft, and seen from the 



century ago -still opposite side. 

 adhered to the 



end of the stub, underneath the mass 

 of tissue that had piled itself over 

 the old wound. 



Other uses of the cleft-graft. 



Cleft-grafting is put to various other uses than the top- 

 grafting of old trees. It is in common use on soft and fleshy 

 stocks, as cactuses, and various fleshy roots. Fig. 184 shows a 

 cleft-graft on cactus. The cion is held in place with a pin or 

 cactus spine, and it is then bound with raffia or other cord. 

 Waxing is not necessary. 



A similar graft is often made on peony roots. The cleft in the 



