PROPAGATION BY BUDDING AND GRAFTING 159 



Side-graft 



waxed in the same way as exposed whip-grafts. It is 

 oftenest employed when a terminal bud is used, as the wood 

 in such cions is usually too weak to work 

 easily with a tongue. 



Side-grafting. There are various methods 

 of inserting a cion into the side of a trunk 

 or branch without cutting off the stock. 

 One of the best methods is shown in Fig. 

 187. The example on the right shows the 

 cion set into an oblique cut in the stock, 

 and that on the left shows the lower part of 

 a thin-bladed chisel, with a bent shank, FIG. 187. 

 that makes the incision. An ordinary chisel ^ x ^* 



or a knife may be used, however. The incision should be 

 about an inch deep. The cion is cut wedge-shape, as for cleft- 

 grafting, and it is pressed into the incision until its cut sur- 

 faces are concealed in the stock. The wound is then tied, 

 and, if it is aboveground in the open, it is 

 waxed. The stock is headed back vigorously 

 to aid in deflecting a part of the energy into 

 the cion. This kind of grafting may be used 

 to good advantage on rather small grape 

 stocks, below the surface of the ground. 



Shield-grafting. A side-graft that is a com- 

 bination of budding and grafting is shown in 

 Fig. 188. The incision in the stock is exactly 

 like that for shield-budding (Figs. 131, 137), 

 but a cion, cut wedge-shape, is used in place 

 of a bud. The graft is tied and waxed. This 

 style of grafting is useful for many difficult 

 Shield- subjects. It is admirably adapted to the mul- 

 berry, in which the operation should be per- 

 formed just as the foliage is well started in the spring, with 

 dormant cions. The stock is headed back a week or so after 



FIG. 188. 



graft. 



