168 



THE NURSERY-MANUAL 



purpose of growing a variety on an uncongenial root, or of 

 securing a straight and vigorous stock for a weak and poor 

 grower. The operation may be either grafting or budding. 

 It is more commonly the latter. 



Some sorts of pears do not unite well with the quince, and 

 if it is desired to obtain dwarfs of these varieties, a variety 

 that unites readily with the quince must first be put on it. 



The Angouleme takes well to the 

 quince, and on Angouleme dwarfs 

 the Seckel and some other varieties 

 are often worked. In double-work- 

 ing dwarf pears, it is imperative that 

 both unions be very close to the 

 ground. The piece of interposed 

 wood is not more than one or two 

 inches in length. The second cion 

 is usually set after the first one has 

 grown one season, although both 

 may be set at the same time. 



Double-grafting for the purpose 

 of securing a better growth is often 

 practiced. The Canada Red apple, 

 for example, is such a poor grower 

 that it is often stem-worked or top-worked on the North- 

 ern Spy or some other strong stock. The Winter Nelis and 

 the Josephine de Malines pears are often double-worked 

 for the same reason. Fig. 198 shows the top of a double- 

 worked tree. In this case, the body of the tree is two years 

 old and is itself a graft or bud on a seedling root. The second 

 variety is grafted to the point where it is desired to start the 

 permanent top of the tree, by whip-grafting in this example. 

 The figure on the left shows the two-year-old top growing from 

 this cion. The length of the cion is comprised inside the dotted 

 lines, and this region is enlarged in the figure on the right. 



FIG. 198. A double-worked tree. 



