184 THE NURSERY-MANUAL 



Persimmon is of two species, the oriental kaki (Diospyros Kaki) and 

 the native (D. virginiana). Both kinds are worked on native seedlings, 

 although D. Lotus and one or two other oriental species will probably be 

 considerably used in the future for the kaki. 



Plum is handled on a variety of stocks. Most of the common plums 

 of the European type (Prunus domestica) and the Japanese plums (P. 

 salicina) are budded on imported myrobalan plum (P. cerasifera}. Stocks 

 of common and Japanese plums may be used when seeds can be had and 

 when it pays to grow the seedlings in this country. The American or 

 native plums are worked mostly on seedlings of the native species, and 

 also on Marianna which is sometimes grown from cuttings (probably a 

 hybrid of P. cerasifera and a native species). 



Quince. The large fruit-bearing varieties are sometimes worked on 

 imported Angers quince, which is propagated by mound-layerage. The 

 common quince itself may be grown directly from cuttings and mound- 

 layers. 



Walnut of the Persian or so-called English type is worked on native 

 walnut stock. In California, the native Juglans Hindsii is mostly used ; 

 Juglans nigra, the black walnut of the East, may also be employed. 



The dwarfing of fruit-trees 



The dwarfing of trees depends on two factors, working 

 on a slow-growing stock, and subsequent confining of roots 

 and heading-in. In particular cases, dwarfing is accomplished 

 by growing the trees in pots or boxes. The nurseryman sup- 

 plies the first factor, the tree united to the dwarf root. 

 But this factor alone rarely insures a permanently dwarf tree. 

 The vigorous top soon imparts some of its habit to the stock; 

 and if the tree is planted so deep that the union is a few inches 

 below ground, roots may start from the cion, and the tree will 

 become half dwarf, or even full standard. 



The possibility of keeping the tree dwarf lies mostly with 

 the grower, although, unfortunately, the grower usually as- 

 cribes it wholly to the nurseryman. An excellent illustration 

 of all this is afforded by the cherry. If cherry trees are to be 

 dwarfed, they are worked on the mahaleb cherry ; and yet the 



