234 THE NURSERY-MANUAL 



Antirrhinum (Snapdragon). Scrophulariacece. 



Increased by seeds sown in early spring for summer bloom or 

 in midsummer for winter bloom under glass ; by cuttings, which 

 should be taken in September or in spring, when they will readily 

 root under glass. Most kinds are hardy, and for early spring or 

 summer bloom seeds are sometimes sown in the open in August 

 or September and well protected in winter where they stand ; in 

 the spring, the plants may be transplanted from the seed-bed. 

 Plants started in summer may be used for winter bloom under 

 glass. 



Aphelandra. Acanthacece. 



Handled by cuttings from half -ripened wood at any time, or from 

 young wood taken with a heel ; place in pots of sandy soil, and 

 plunge in good bottom heat. Can be increased by seeds, when these 

 are obtainable. 



Apicra. Liliaceos. 



Propagation as for aloe, which see. 



Apocynaceae. Apocynads. 



All the shrubby species are readily increased by cuttings from 

 the young growth or by seeds, while the herbaceous plants are 

 propagated by division and seeds. 



Aponogeton, including Ouvirandra. Aponogctonacece. 



Propagated rapidly by seeds and offsets. The seeds should be 

 sown as soon as ripe and not dried, in pots sunk in water and cov- 

 ered with glass, or in balls of earth submerged. To obtain good 

 seeds, the flowers should be pollinated and kept above water. 

 The lace-leaf (Aponogeton, or Ouvirandra, fenestralis) is propagated 

 by division. 



Apple (Pyrus Malus). Rosacece. 



Standard apple stocks are grown from seeds, and dwarf stocks 

 from mound-layers. Apple seeds are either imported from France 

 or obtained from pomace. Formerly " Vermont crab " stocks, 

 grown from the pomace of New England cider mills, and largely 

 from seedling trees, were popular in the North and West. Of late 

 years, with the disappearance of seedling trees, these stocks have 

 lost favor, since they come largely from cull fruit of grafted trees. 

 The French seeds give what are technically known as crab stocks, 

 although botanically not crab-apples. The yearling stocks them- 



