270 THE NURSERY-MANUAL 



stock is propagated. Good cuttings may be had from stocky 

 cutting-made plants grown only for the purpose of yielding cutting- 

 wood and not grown on for bloom. The carnation soon deteriorates 

 if care is not taken to select from the best parents. Fig. 116. 



In Europe, the carnation is also propagated by layering, which 

 should be done at the end of July or the beginning of August. The 

 shoots selected should be denuded of a few of their leaves at the 

 base of the young wood, and a slit must be made from this point 

 upwards, extending through a joint of the bare stem, so that a 

 tongue is formed. Figs. 63, 69. 



The outdoor hardy carnation is grown in the same way as pinks. 

 See Dianthus. 



Carpinus (Hornbeam. Blue Beech). Betulacece. 



Propagated by seeds sown usually in fall, which germinate 

 irregularly. If the seed-bed is kept moist and clean (covered with 

 moss or other material) through the entire season, the remaining 

 seeds may be expected to germinate the second spring. Varieties 

 propagated by budding or grafting on seedling stocks, either under 

 glass in spring on potted stock or in the open in summer. 



Carrot (Daucus Carota). Umbelliferce. 



Grown from seeds sown in spring where the plants are to stand. 



Carthamus (Safflower). Composites. 



Raised from seeds sown directly in the open, or started under 

 glass. The common C. tinctorius is a garden annual. 



Carya: Hickory, Pecan. 



Caryopteris. Verbenacece. 



Raised by seeds sown in spring, by division, and by cuttings of 

 half-ripened wood in summer or fall under glass. 



Caryota. Palmaceos. 



Propagated by seeds or by suckers. See Palms, page 377. 



Cassandra : Chamcedaphne. 



Cassava (Manihot dulcis var. Aipi). Euphorbiaceoe. 



Multiplied by cuttings of the stem and by suckers. Propagated 

 in spring, the cassava roots are ready to harvest in autumn. Cut 

 the large main stalks into pieces from 4 to 6 inches long, and set 

 them perpendicularly into the ground in the field/ The cuttings 

 can be struck at various times, but spring is usually preferred. 



