278 THE NURSERY-MANUAL 



origin, but the trees are likely to be short-lived and unsatisfactory. 

 Native Japanese stocks are to be preferred. The ornamental 

 varieties of P. serrulata are probably best worked on stocks of 

 P. serrulata var. sachalinensis from the northern part of Japan, 

 particularly for the northern regions of this country, as this stock 

 is hardy in New England. Forms of the wild P. Lannesiana 

 from Japan, particularly the form known as Mazakura, are also 

 recommended. P. subhirtella var. pendula (known to nursery- 

 men as P. japonica rosea pendula) should be grafted high on such 

 seedlings of P. subhirtella as assume an upright habit. To main- 

 tain an upright stock of good forms of P. subhirtella itself, propa- 

 gation should be from cuttings or it may be grafted on its own 

 upright seedlings. 



Chervil (Chcerophyllum bulbosum and Anthriscus Cerefolium). 



Umbelliferce. 



Seed is sown much the same as celery seeds, but the plants are 

 usually allowed to stand where sown. Seed is often sown in 

 autumn. 



Chestnut (Castanea species). Fagacece. 



Chestnut stocks are grown from seed. Difficulty is sometimes 

 experienced in keeping the seeds, as they lose their vitality if 

 dried too hard, and are likely to become moldy if allowed to remain 

 moist. The surest way is to allow the nuts to become well dried 

 off or " seasoned " in the fall, and then stratify them in a box with 

 three or four times as much sand as chestnuts, and bury the box a 

 foot or two deep in a warm soil until spring. They do not always 

 keep well if stored or stratified in a cellar. Fall planting exposes 

 the nuts to squirrels and mice. American stocks are better than 

 European, because the latter are tender in the North. 



The stocks are worked by whip-grafting above ground, the wound 

 being well tied and protected by waxed cloth. Care should be 

 taken to have the stock and cion about the same size, in order to 

 secure a good union. Chestnuts can be cleft-grafted like apples 

 and pears ; but in small trees it is preferable to set the grafts 

 below ground, as in grapes. The cions should be cut early, before 

 they begin to swell, and kept perfectly dormant until the stock 

 begins to push into leaf. Only vigorous stocks should be grafted. 

 The best results are obtained when the stocks have recovered from 

 transplanting, or when they are from three to five years old. The 

 working of chestnut stocks is far from satisfactory in a commercial 



