292 THE NURSERY-MANUAL 



to firm the soil about the cuttings after they are placed. Various 

 tools have been developed for making holes and pushing in the 

 cuttings when planting bogs in the various sections where this 

 fruit is grown. The use of some of these implements necessitates 

 the worker kneeling on the ground; others can be used as the 

 workers stand. 



Cross-pollination or hybridization by man has had no part in 

 the production of the various commercial varieties of cranberries, 

 Early Blacks, Howes, Centennials, and the like. All these have 

 resulted from the selection of choice wild stocks and their propa- 

 gation by cuttings. However, seeds may be sown with the hope of 

 obtaining new varieties, the methods being those in general recom- 

 mended for Ericaceae (p. 308). The seeds are stratified till spring, 

 and the seedlings are allowed to grow the first year in the seed-box 

 or well prepared seed-bed. 



Crassula. Crassulacece. 



Propagated by seeds ; usually by cuttings, which should be 

 laid in the sun to dry before planting. If cutting shoots do not 

 form, as in C. falcata, the plants may be headed back to encourage 

 adventitious growths. 



Crataegus (Haw. Hawthorn). Rosacece. 



Propagated by seeds sown in fall or stratified. The pulp should 

 first be removed by maceration, decay, or rubbing in sand. Seeds 

 may continue to germinate the second and third years. The seed- 

 lings should be transplanted when a year (one season) old to prevent 

 the formation of long hard roots. The varieties are grafted, rarely 

 budded, on common stocks, mostly on the European hawthorn, C. 

 Oxyacantha. 



Cress (Lepidium sativum). Cruciferce. 



Raised from seeds, sown in spring or late summer. It does best 

 in the cool season. See Water-Cress. 



Crinum. Amaryllidacece. 



Raised mostly from offsets of the bulbs ; also by seeds, partic- 

 ularly for new varieties, in a warm temperature. See Amarylli- 

 daceoe, page 228. 



Crocosmia. Iridacece. 



Offsets or cormels are used for propagation, as for gladiolus. 

 Seeds may be employed, sown under glass when ripe. 



