372 THE NURSERY-MANUAL 



tage of the full growing season. In the colder sections where there 

 is danger of dormant buds being injured, they are often protected 

 by banking with earth. In spring as soon as the bark will slip, 

 stocks in which the buds have died are rebudded. For this work 

 bud-sticks of the previous season's growth are cut, the leaves are 

 removed, and the sticks packed in sawdust or sphagnum until 

 needed. 



In spring, the tops of the dormant-budded seedlings are cut off 

 close back to the inserted buds. In some sections, the tops are headed 

 back or lopped and later removed entirely, but as this entails ad- 

 ditional work it should be avoided if growth is not too vigorous. 

 Sprouts must be removed from the stocks from time to time. About 

 the time the buds start to grow, a stake is set at each one and to 

 this the bud is tied from time to time, throughout the summer, as 

 they grow. This serves the double purpose of saving the buds from 

 breaking away from the stocks and of keeping them straight. 



For propagating oranges under glass, seedlings of grapefruit or 

 orange may be used, although the best stock for pot and tub plants 

 is Poncirus (or Citrus) trifoliata. 



Orange trees of almost any size may be top-worked to other 

 varieties either by budding or grafting by the usual methods. 

 Sometimes the tops are cut off or lopped, shoots are then thrown 

 out and in these buds are inserted. Buds may be inserted in large 

 branches and after uniting forced into growth by lopping or cutting 

 back the branches. 



Orchids. Orchidaceae. 



The method of propagating orchids must in each species be 

 adapted to the habit and mode of growth. The easiest and safest 

 plan for the greater number of kinds is by division, but seeds, 

 cuttings, layers, offsets, and very rarely roots, are also utilized. 

 It is important that artificial means of increase should be adopted 

 only when the individual plants are in robust health. With many 

 orchids the struggle of life under the unnatural conditions of domes- 

 tication is necessarily severe, and any operation which transforms 

 one weak plant into two or more weaker ones is to be deprecated. 

 In cases in which the only method available necessitates disturbance 

 at the roots, consideration must be paid to the constitution of the 

 species, for some orchids, even when perfectly healthy, strongly 

 resent interference. Many of the orchids are really not propagated 

 under cultivation, but are grown from stock newly imported from 



