434 THE NURSERY-MANUAL 



Turnip (Brassica Rapa). Cruciferoe. 



Raised from seeds, where the plants are to remain. For summer 

 use, seeds may be sown very early in spring ; but for the main crop 

 sowing is made in July in the northern states. 



Typha (Bulrush. Cat-tail. Reed Mace). Typhacea. 



Propagated by division of the colonies. They may be grown from 

 seeds in a pot or box of earth set in water. 



Udo (Aralia cordata). Araliacece. 



This Japanese vegetable, consisting of the blanched young shoots> 

 is readily propagated by seeds started in spring under glass, the 

 plants being transferred to the open when 3 or 4 inches high ; the 

 following spring they should supply a cutting. Special strains are 

 perpetuated by cuttings of the green shoots, cut to a joint. 



Ulex (Furze. Gorse. Whin). Leguminosce. 



Propagated by seeds sown in spring; by greenwood cuttings 

 under glass, and by cuttings of nearly mature wood in early summer 

 in a coldframe under glass. Varieties are sometimes grafted in 

 spring in the greenhouse on U. europasus. 



Ulmus (Elm). Ulmaceoe. 



Commonly propagated by seeds. The seeds of most elms germi- 

 nate the year they mature (they ripen in spring), and they may be 

 sown at once. The slippery elm ( U. fulva), however, generally 

 germinates the following year, and the seeds should be stratified. 

 Layers are sometimes put down in autumn in moist, rather light 

 soil, and suckers may be taken. Some species may be raised 

 from greenwood cuttings under glass. The varieties are grafted on 

 common stocks, either by budding in summer or by whip- or splice- 

 grafting in spring outdoors or on potted stock in the greenhouse. 



Ursinia. Composites. 



A hardy flower-garden annual raised from seeds, started indoors 

 or directly in the open. 



Utricularia (Bladderwort). Lentibulariaceoe. 



The floating bladderworts, used in pools and aquaria, are multi- 

 plied by division of the plants and by utilizing the winter-buds that 

 fall to the bottom in autumn. The terrestrial tropical kinds usually 

 produce little tubers by which they may be propagated. 



