438 THE NURSERY-MANUAL 



independent plants, making blooming stock for the following winter. 

 Sometimes the old plant is divided when plants are lifted in spring ; 

 this may produce good results, but care must be taken that hard 

 and weak parts are not saved. 



Vitex (Chaste-Tree). Verbenacece. 



Propagated by seeds, by suckers, layers, cuttings of green or 

 ripened wood under glass. Cuttings grow with difficulty. 



Vitis. Vitacece. 



Propagated by seeds and hardwood cuttings. See Grape. 



Vittaria. Polypodiacea. 



Propagation by division and spores. See Ferns, page 312. 



Vriesia. Bromeliaceas. 



Propagation as for tillandsia (which see), mostly by offsets or 

 separable parts. 



Wahlenbergia. Campanulacece. 



Propagation as for campanula (which see), the annuals by seeds 

 and the others also by division. 



Wallflower: Cheiranthus. 



Wallichia. Palmacecs. 



By imported seeds and by suckers. See Palms, page 377. 



Walnut. 



The walnuts are species of Juglans, and the propagation is de- 

 tailed under that entry. The so-called English walnut is Juglans 

 regia, much grown in California. Most of the walnut orchards 

 are of seedling trees, grown from selected seeds (or nuts). The 

 introduction of improved varieties, however, has made budding 

 and grafting necessary. The black walnut and butternut ( J. nigra 

 and J. cinerea) are grown mostly as seedlings, but graftage may be 

 employed. See Juglans. 



Wandering Jew : Tradescantia, Zebrina. 



Washingtonia. Palmacece. 



Propagated readily by seeds. See Palms, page 377. 



