68 NUT CULTURE IN THE UNITED STATES. 



SHINAR (pi. 10, fig. 5). Samuel 0. Moon, Morrisville, Pa. Medium size, irregu- 

 lar, ovate; thiii sbell; rather poor cracking quality; meat tough, but of good quality. 



WOODBOUBNE (pi. 10, fig. 10). Samuel C. Moon, Morrisville, Pa. Large, smooth, 

 long, compressed, ovate; shell rather thick, but cracks very well; meat tender, rich, 

 and of best quality. 



SHELLBARK (Hicoria laciniosa Sargent; Gary a sulcata Nuttall). 



(Synonyms: Big Shellbark, Thick Shellbark, Bottom Shellbark, Big Shagbark, River Bottom 



Hickory, King Nut.) 



The bark on trees of this species resembles that of H. ovata, but the strips or 

 flakes are very long and narrow, thinner, more divided, and of a lighter color than 

 those of H. ovata. The leaflets number from seven to nine, arranged in three or four 

 pairs with one terminal. The 'eaflets are pointed and have serrate edges. The hull 

 inclosing the nut is very thick and disproportioned to the size of the nut. 



The four parts separate freely to the base. The shell of the nut is much thicker 

 than that of H. ovata. The kernel often fails to fill the inner spaces of the shell, and 

 instead of being plump, often presents a shrunken appearance. This species occurs 

 in Genesee Valley, New York; also in Chester, Bucks, and Huntingdon counties, 

 Pennsylvania; west across Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, southeastern Michigan, southwest- 

 ern Wisconsin, southeastern Minnesota, Iowa, southeastern Nebraska, eastern Kan- 

 sas, and Indian Territory, eastward to the eastern foot of the Alleghanies; in bottom 

 land and low rich soil ; rare and local, being most common and reaching its greatest 

 ievelopment along the streams of southern Kansas and Missouri, Arkansas, and Indian 

 Territory. The wood is used for the same purposes as that of the Shagbark hickory. 

 The large nuts are sweet and edible, and under the name of king nut are sold in the 

 markets of western New York, being harvested in the valley of Genesee Eiver. Per- 

 haps the most that can be said of this species is that many of the nuts are marketed; 

 but until specimens are found of thinner shell and fuller kernel than most of those we 

 have investigated, there seems little incentive to plant them for their fruit. The 

 prices at which the nuts of this species are sold to dealers range from 20 cents to $1 

 per bushel. Plate 11 represents some characteristic forms of H. laciniosa. In this spe- 

 cies a nearly round form will be occasionally found (fig. 2), while the oval (fig. 3), quad- 

 rangular (fig. 1), and long ovate (fig. 4) forms are as marked in this species as in that 

 of H. ovata, with modifications even more numerous. 



From H. M. Engle, Marietta, Pa., we have received specimens of a very promising 

 nut which probably belongs in this species. Size, 1 inches long, l^ inches wide, 

 seven-eighths inch thick; shell bright, from one-sixteenth to one-eighth inch thick; 

 cracking qualities good; kernel plump, a little tough, moderately free from shell, quite 

 good. 



OTHEK HICKORIES. 



MOCKER NUT (Hicoria alba Britton; Carya tomentota Nuttall). 

 (Synonyms: Black Hickory, Bull Nut, Big Bud Hickory, White Heart Hickory.) 



This species is closely allied to the shellbarks by its flowers, leaves, thick hull 

 parting to the base, and the sweet kernel of its nuts. Its bark, however, is not dis- 

 posed to scale as do the shellbarks. The foliage is very pubescent and odorous; 

 leaflets 7 to 9, rarely 5. The hull is not so thick as that of the shellbarks, but the shell 

 is thicker and harder. (PL 12, figs. 3&, la, 2a, 3a.) In average size, the nut is 

 between the two shellbarks. The shape is roundish oval, often tapering to a sharp 

 point. (See pi. 12, figs. 1-3.) The kernel is small, very sweet, and generally of a yel- 

 lowish color. Its growth is reported in the Tenth United States Census, of Forestry 

 "generally on rich upland and on hillsides, less commonly in low river bottom lauds; 

 very common in the Gulf States and throughout the South, the most widely dis- 

 tributed species of the genus." It is not a promising nut because of its thick shell 

 and small kernel. 



