SEEDS SOILS TRANSPLANTING 61 



melted paraffin to lessen evaporation of sap. When 

 transplanted trees make a late start and their tender 

 shoots are winter killed we are apt to have in the 

 following year a large number of shoots starting 

 tardily because of their springing from small latent 

 buds. This chaplet of many new shoots starting 

 from below the winter-killed part is in turn exposed 

 to winter injury in the north. Inexperienced men 

 have become discouraged because of such unruly be- 

 havior on the part of their first tree children. My 

 advice under the circumstances has been about as 

 follows : Try once more. When a young tree has 

 been taken from the nurserymen's package, cut back 

 top and root as far as your heart will allow and then 

 hand the tree over to some enemy and let him cut it 

 again. 



The chaplet of many new shoots springing from 

 below a winter-killed part is particularly likely to 

 appear in the Persian walnut. All shoots but one 

 are to be cut away as rapidly as they appear. The 

 one shoot will then make a great growth, leaving 

 much firm wood even though the tip is killed later. 

 By the third year all danger is past and the tree far 

 on its way to success in the world. 



What proportion of nut trees will live after they 

 are transplanted if they are completely neglected 

 from the start? I doubt if the number is larger than 

 five per cent. Under thoroughly wild conditions 

 only one seed in many millions ever survives compe- 

 tition and enemies and gets to form a new tree. Per- 

 haps only one among thousands of trees which ac- 



