GRAFTING 93 



almonds until about the beginning of the present 

 century in America. The most extensive experiments 

 were conducted at first in the south with the pecan, 

 with a record mostly of failure at first. In Cali- 

 fornia extensive experiments and expensive failures 

 followed the early history of walnut grafting. In 

 the northeast many men attempted grafting the 

 shagbark hickory but almost always with failure. 

 The chestnuts lent themselves to grafting readily, 

 but not many orchards of grafted chestnuts began 

 to appear in this country before the beginning of the 

 present century. Hazels could be propagated by 

 layering, but early attempts at grafting hazels were a 

 failure. At the present time we may graft all of 

 the nut trees successfully. 



The late Mr. Henry Hales, of Ridgewood, New 

 Jersey, made praiseworthy attempts at propagating 

 a remarkable shagbark growing upon his property 

 and now known as the Hales' variety. He sent many 

 hundreds of scions to different nurserymen during 

 a period of years, but with a result of almost com- 

 plete failure. The dogged persistence of Mr. Hales 

 has become a matter of history. What a pity that 

 he could not have lived to see his prediction come 

 true that somebody would graft hickories success- 

 fully. 



The best step forward in grafting method was one 

 that I obtained from a pioneer in successful nut tree 

 grafting, Mr. J. F. Jones, of Lancaster, Pennsyl- 

 vania, who states that he obtained the method from 

 Mr. E. A. Riehl, of Godfrey, Illinois, the originator 



