HICKORIES 163 



homa, was described by Buckley in tKe Southern 

 Horticulturist for May, 1870, was given notice by 

 Mrs. M. J. Young in Lessons in Botany three 

 years later, and then apparently passed out of mind 

 among botanists for forty years. It has recently 

 come into notice again. 



Botanists divide the hickories into two groups 

 Apocarya and Eucarya. For convenience in every- 

 day conversation it might be well for us to speak of 

 the "open-bud" group and the "closed-bud" group. 

 Apocarya or the open-bud group includes the pecan 

 hickory, bitternut hickory, bitter pecan hickory, wa- 

 ter hickory, nutmeg hickory, and Chinese hickory. 

 The winter buds of this group will be seen on exam- 

 ination to show minute snugly curled-up leaves which 

 are all ready to unfold when a gentle springtime sun 

 coaxes open the fronds of the ferns which have 

 fought their way through the hard ground with 

 clenched fists. Bud scales in the open-bud group do 

 not cover the tiny leaf forms completely. In Eu- 

 carya, or the closed-bud group, on the other hand, 

 stout scales close the bud completely against the snow 

 and ice of wintry days. We see scales only, when 

 looking at this kind of bud. There is no suggestion 

 of the great loose mass of beautiful fragrant leaves 

 that will come bursting out like an explosion on a 

 warm day in May when trout are rising to the fly and 

 robins are singing in the orchard. 



Hickories which have nuts with a bitter pellicle 

 all belong to the open-bud group. These are the 

 bitternut, Carya cordiformis; bitter pecan hickory, 



