210 NUT GROWING 



hazel blight, fortunately, extends its ravages slowly. 

 It wiped out the earlier introduction of foreign 

 hazels, because it was overlooked until it had com- 

 pletely girdled limbs or trunks. Two years or more 

 are often required for Cryptosporella to girdle a 

 limb or a trunk of a hazel. If we go over the orchard 

 once a year, cutting out blighted bark and protecting 

 the exposed area, it is a comparatively simple matter 

 to manage this pest. When it appears in the phase 

 of an enemy of smaller twigs only one or two twigs 

 are attacked as a rule in the first year. If one is on 

 guard, control of the hazel blight becomes one of 

 the minor cares of the orchardist. If one is careless 

 the blight will be attentive. 



There is some confusion in connection with the 

 word "filbert" as applied to some of the European 

 hazels. The word hazel comes from the Anglo- 

 Saxon hansel, meaning a hood, but in the varieties 

 which have an involucre extending beyond the apex 

 of the nut, the term filbert, a corruption of "full 

 beard," is applied. When the dried nuts are sent to 

 market no one knows whether the involucre was 

 long or short unless he happens to know the variety. 

 On that account the term filbert cannot stand for 

 all European hazels, and confusion arises. Even- 

 tually, as the public becomes better educated, dis- 

 tinction will be made as it is with apples in calling 

 for named varieties of hazels. The name filbert 

 should then pass out of common usage as a general 

 name for hazels. Fresh hazels are so highly prized 

 in Europe that very high prices are secured for 



