GRAMINEAB (GRASS FAMILY) 117 



and sterile lemma scarcely equaling the frait which is minutely pubescent at 

 the apiculate tip. More or less spreading in the autumnal state, branchin- from 

 the middle nodes, the upper leaves of the branches crowded and spreading 

 (P. Jatifolium Am. auth., not L.) — Woods, Me. to Minn., and soutliw 



Var. m611e (Vasey) Hitchc. & Chase. Usually not so tall, downy-pubescent 

 throughout. (P. latifolium, var. Vasey; P. puhifolium Nash.) — Commoner 

 south w. 



73. P. latifblium L. Like P. Boscii, but usually taller; culms and sheaths 

 (except the ciliate margin and pubescent ring at the summit of the sheaths) 

 glabrous or rarely pubescent below, .nodes glabrous; blades commonly 1 5 dm 

 long, 3 cm. wide, sometimes wider, ciliate toward the very broad base otherwise 

 glabrous, rarely minutely pubescent ; panicle 8-15 cm. long, the long few-floicered 

 branches ascending ; spikelets 3.5-3.8 mm. long, obovate-elliptic, the apiculate 

 tip of the fruit usually glabrous. Autumnal state as in P. Boscii. (P macro- 

 carpon Le Conte.) — Rocky woods and sand dunes, Me. to Wise, and southw. 



Steinchisma hians (Ell.) Nash, a lax perennial with narrow flat leaves and 

 terminal i^anicles with spreading branches naked at base, and crowded spikelets, 

 the palea of the sterile lemma subindurated, enlarged and forcing the spikelet 

 open, has been collected in se. Mo. (Bush) ; common in the South. 



12. SACCI6lEPIS Nash. 



Second glume gibbous at the base, 11-nerved, equal to the 3-5-nerved sterile 

 lemma (which incloses a large palea and often a staminate flower), about twice 

 as long as the slightly stipitate fruit ; lemma thinner at the apex, the palea free 

 at the tip ; spikelets otherwise as in Panicum. Semi-aquatic perennials with nar- 

 row spike-like panicles. (Name from o-d/c/cos, bag, and Xctt/s, scale, alluding 

 to the saccate second glume.) 



L S. striata (L.) Nash. Perennial, stoloniferous ; culms erect from a creep- 

 ing base, 3-9 dm. high, branching ; sheaths hirsute, at least on the margins ; 

 blades 0.8-2 dm. long, about 1 cm. wide, flat, glabrous ; panicle 10-15 cm. long, 

 contracted, spike-like ; spikelets 3.5 mm. long, lanceolate, acute. {Panicum gib- 

 bum Ell.) —Low wet ground, Va. to 1. T., and southw. 



13. ECHIN6CHL0A Beauv. 



Spikelets 1-flowered, sometimes a staminate flower below the perfect termi- 

 nal one, nearly sessile in 1-sided racemes ; glumes unequal, spiny-hispid, mucro- 

 nate ; sterile^ lemma similar and awned from the apex (sometimes mucronate 

 only), inclosing a hyaline palea; fertile lemma and palea chartaceous, acumi- 

 nate ; margins of the glume inrolled except at the summit, w^here the palea is 

 not included. — Coarse animals with compressed sheaths, long leaves and termi- 

 nal panicles of stout racemes. (Name from extvos, a hedgehog, and x^^o-^ grass, 

 in allusion to the bristling awns.) 



1. E. CRusGALLi (L.) Beauv. (Barnyard Grass.) Culms stout, rather 

 succulent, branching from the base, ascending or erect, 3-18 dm. high ; sheaths 

 and blades glabrous; panicle dense, 1-3 dm. long, of numerous 

 erecf. or spreading racemes, very variable, deep purple to pale 

 green, er(T.t or drooping ; spikelets long-awned or nearly awnless, 

 densely and irregularly crowded in 3 or 4 rows, about 3 mm. 

 long. {Panicum Ij.) — Moist, chiefly manured soil and waste 

 ground, river banks, etc., common throughout, except in the 

 extreme North. Aug. -Oct. (Nat. from Eu.) Fig. 68. 



E. FRUMEXTACKA (Roxb.) Lliik (Panicum Roxb.), Japanese 

 Barnyard Millet, or Billion-Dollau Grass, is an occasional ^- ^- crusg.illi. 

 escape from cultivation. It is distinguished from short-awued -pikelet x 8. 

 forms of the preceding chiefly by the more compact panicles with short often 

 incurved branches. 



2. E. Walter! (Piirsh) Nash. Resembling the preceding, urually taller, at 

 least the lower sheaths coarsely papillose-hispid; panicle usually long, more 



