1^0 



CYPERACEAE (SEDGE FAMILY) 



278. S. plauifolius. 



279. S. caespitosus. 

 Culms slender, 



?80, 



as long as the culm, and like it rough-edged ; outer scal« 

 usually overtopping the ovoid or subcylindric straw-colored 

 or brownish spikelet ; bristles mostly about as long as the 

 achene. — Dry open woods, Mass. and Vt. to Del., Pa., and 

 Mo. May, June. Fig. 278. 

 5. S. caespit5sus L. Culms terete, wiry, 1-5 dm. high, densely sheathed 

 at base, in compact turfy tufts ; the upper sheath bearing a very short awl- 

 shaped leaf; spikelet ovoid, rust-color; outer rigid-pointed 

 scale scarcely surpassing the spikelet ; bristles smooth, longer 

 than the abruptly short-pointed achene. —Mts., cold shores 

 and swamps, Lab. to Alaska, s. to N. 8., n. N. E., N. Y., 111., 

 Minn., etc.; and on the summits of the s. 

 Alleghenies. (Eurasia.) Fig. 279. 



6. S. hudsonianus (.Michx.) Fernald. 

 many in a row from a running rootstock (1.5-4 dm. high), 

 scabrous, naked ; sheaths at the base awl-tipped ; scales 

 brownish, oblong-lanceolate ; bristles white, crisped, many 

 times exceeding the narrowly obovoid apiculate achene. 

 {Eriophorum alpinum L., not S. alpinus Schleich.) — Cold 

 hogs and wet shores. Nfd. to Hudson Bay and B. C, s. 

 S. hudsonianus. to Ct., N.Y., Mich., and Minn. May-Aug. (Eu.) Fig. 

 280. 

 7. S. subterminalis Torr. Aquatic, rarely emersed ; 

 rootstock slender; culms (0.3-1 ra. long, thickish-filiform) 

 partly and the shorter filiform leaves wholly submersed, 

 cellular; the filiform green bract 1-5 cm. long, surpassing 

 the subcylindric to ovoid spikelet (6-13 mm. long) ; scales 

 green or straw-color, somewhat pointed ; bristles bearded 

 downward, rather shorter than the abruptly pointed achene. 

 — Slow streams and ponds, Nfd. to B. C, s. to N. J., Pa., 2S1. S. subterminalis. 

 Mich., n. Ind., etc. Fig. 281. ^ .^ 



8. S. rufus (Huds.) Schrad. Freely stoloniferous ; culms 

 smooth, subterete, compressed, 1-6 cm. high, taller than the sub- 

 terete channeled callous-tipped firm mostly basal leaves; spike 

 distichous, 1-2 cm. long, consisting of closely crowded 2-5-flowered 

 spikelets; involucre 1-5 cm. long, sometimes wanting; scales 

 castaneous, conduplicate, pointed ; bristles 0, or 3-6, upwardly 

 barbellate, much shorter than the plano-convex ellipsoid long-beaked 

 achene (4.5-5.5 mm. long) . — Brackish marshes, e. N. B. 

 and Que. July, Aug. (Eurasia.) Fig. 282. 



9. S. Hallii Gray. Culms slender, terete, 1-4 dm. high ; upper 

 sheath rarely distinctly leaf-bearing ; spikelets 1-7 in a sessile or 

 sometimes geminately proliferous cluster, ovoid becoming cylindri- 

 cal, acute, greenish (0.5-1.5 cm. long); scales ovate, strongly keeled, 

 cuspidate-acuminate ; stamens 2 or 3 ; style 2-cleft ; bristles 

 none ; achene obovate-orbicular, mucronate, plano-convex, strongly 

 wnnkled transversely. {S. supinus, var. Gray.) — Wet shores, III. 

 to Fla. and Tex.; also Winter Pond, Winchester, Mass. 

 Sept. Fig. 283. , ^. „ . 



10. S. d6bilis Pursh. Cidms obtusely triangular, with somewhat hollowed 

 sides, 1-6 dm. high, yellowish-green, shining; spikelets 1-12, 

 capitate, ovoid, obtuse (0.5-1 cm. long); involucral leaf often 

 horizontal at maturity; scales roundish, with tawny margins; 

 stamens 3 ; style 2-3-cleft ; bristles 6, stout, downwardly barbed, 

 equaling or two surpassing the broadly obovoid turgid abruptly 

 mucronate-pointed achene. — Sandy or muddy shores, Me. to 

 Minn., and south w. Aug., Sept. Fig. 284. Var. WilliAmsii 

 Fernald. Bristles wanting. — Massapoag L., Sharon, Mass. 



11. S. Smithii Gray. Culms terete, slender, 0.5-4 dm. high. 

 234. S debUis, often leaf-bearing from the upper sheath, dull green as are tha 



282. S. rufus. 



Aug., 2S3. s, Hallii. 



