CYPERACEAB (SEDGE FAMILY) 



235 



440. C. BackU. 



about o; pistillate 2-5; perigynia gradually beaked; scales 

 very broad and leaf-like, entirely enveloping the spike (C 

 durifolia Bailey.) —Dry rocky or sandy wooded slopes e Que* 

 to Assina. and B C, locally s. to Mass., N. Y., the GrektLake 

 region, Neb., and westw. May^uly. Fig. 440 



90. C. Willdenbwii Schkuhr. Similar* 

 softer and paler; leaves 1.5-4 mm. wide • 

 spike compact ; pistillate flowers 3-9, stami- 

 nate 6-12 ; perigynia with a rougher beak; 

 scales chaffy, nerved, as broad as and so7ne- 

 what longer than the perigynia, or the 

 lowest rarely overtopping the spike. — Rocky 

 woods, Mass. to Mich., and south w., local. 

 May-July. Fig. 441. 



91. C. Jamdsii Schwein. Similar; leaves 

 1-2 mm. wide, much surpassing the culm ; 441. c. Wiiidenowtl. 

 spike very small ; staminate Jloivers 8-20 ; 



pistillate 1-3 and loosely disposed ; perigynia produced into a very long and 

 roughened nearly entire beak ; scales narrow, the lowest often elongate, the 

 upper often shorter than the perigynia. — Woods, N. Y. and Ont 

 to Mo., and southw.; frequent. May, June. Fig. 442. 



^ 92. C. scirpoidea Michx. Strict, the pistillate plant mostly 

 stiff, 1-7 dm. high; staminate plant smaller; 

 leaves flat, shorter than the culm; sjnke 1.5-4 

 cm. long, densely cylindrical, very rarely with a 

 rudimentary second spike at its base ; perigynia 

 ovoid, short-pointed, very hairy, exceeding the 

 ciliate purple scales. — Arctic regions, s. by 

 cold streams and in alpine districts to Cape 

 Breton, N. S., n. N. E., n. N. Y., L. Huron, 

 Rocky Mts., etc. June-Aug. (Eurasia.') Fig. 

 443. ^ 



93. C. umbellata Schkuhr. Low and con- 

 spicuously caespitose, forming dense mats; 

 leaves rather stiff, 0.5-4.5 dm. long, 1-4.5 mm. 

 wide ; culms mostly short and crowded at the base 

 of the leaves, or some elongate (rarely 2 dm.), 

 bearing either staminate or pistillate spikes, or both ; 

 pistillate spikes 0.5-1 cm. long, mostly sessile ; peri- 

 gynia plump, stipitate, puherulent, 3.2-4.7 mm. 

 long, the slender beak nearly equaling the ellipsoid- 

 ovoid to suhglobose body, and about equaled by 

 the acuminate green or purple-tinged scales. (C. deflexa, var. 

 media Bailey and var. Farwellii Britton.) — Dry 

 sandy or rocky soil, P. E. I. to centr. Me., w. to 

 Sask. and B. C, s. to N. J., D. C, and I. T. Apr.- 

 July. Fig. 444. Var. tonsa Fernald. Similar; 

 perigijnia glabrous, or merely pubernlent on the 

 angles oi t\\e \o\\g beak. — Local. Fig. 445. 

 Var. brevir6stris Boott. Perigynia smaller, the 

 444. c. umbellata. ttroad beak about | as long as the hairy body. — Que. to Sask. 

 and B. C, s. to n. N. E., N. Mex. and Cal. Fig. 

 446. 

 94. C. nigro-marginata Schwein. Leaves mostly stiffer, often 

 2-4 dm. long, 2-4 mm. wide ; some of the culms prolonged ; 

 perigynia smooth or nearly so, fusiform, 3-4 mm. long ; scales 

 ordinarily purple-margined, giving the spikes a very dark or 

 variegated appearance, equaling or exceedivg the perigynia. — 

 Dry sandy or rocky soil, on the coastal plain, extending locally 4^7. c. ni^o 

 G. to Ct. Apr. -June. Fig. 447. margin*/ 



442. C. Jamesii. 



443. C. scirpoidea. 



^ 



445. C. umb., 

 V. tonsa. 



* 



446. C. umb., 

 V. brev. 



$ 



k 



