LILIACEAE (lily FAMILY) 283 



or oblanceolate evergreen flat leaves, from a tuberous rootstock, producing in 

 early spring a stout hollow sparsely bracteate scape (3-6 dm. high), sheathed with 

 broad bracts at the base, and terminated by a simple and short dense raceme. 

 Bracts obsolete ; pedicels shorter than the flowers. (Name probably from ?Xos, 

 a sioamp, the place of growth.) 



1. H. bullata L.— Wet places, s. N. Y., and e. Pa. to Va., rare and local. 



4. CHAMAELIRIUM Willd. Devil's Bit 



Perianth of 6 spatulate-linear (white) spreading 1-nerved sepals, withering- 

 presistent. Filaments and (white) anthers, as in Helonias ; fertile flowers 

 with rudimentary stamens. Styles linear-club-shaped, stigmatic along the inner 

 side. Capsule ellipsoid, not lobed, of a thin texture, loculicidally ;^-valved 

 from the apex. Seeds linear-oblong. — Smooth herb, with a wand-like stem 

 from a (bitter) thick and abrupt tuberous rootstock, terminated by a wand- 

 like spiked raceme (1-3 dm. long) of small bractless flowers ; fertile plant more 

 leafy than the staminate. Leaves flat, lanceolate, the lowest spatulate, tapering 

 into a petiole. (Name formed of x^f^^^^i on the ground^ and Xeipiov, lily, the 

 genus having been founded on a dwarf undeveloped specimen.) 



1. C. luteum (L.) Gray. (Blazing Star.) Stem 3-12 dm. high; fruiting 

 pedicels 1-B mm. long; capsule 7-10 mm. long. (C. caroliniamim Willd.) — 

 Low grounds, w. Mass. to Fla., w. to Mich., Neb., and Ark. June. 



2. C. obovale Small. Similar ; flowers larger ; fruitrng pedicels about equal- 

 ing the larger (12-14 mm. long) capsules. — Woods, N. Y., N. J.; and in the 

 mts. from W. Va. to N. C. and Ala. — Species not seen. 



5. TOFIELDIA Huds. False Asphodel 



Perianth more or less spreading, persistent ; the sepals (white or greenish) 

 concave, oblong or obovate, without claws, 3-nerved. Filaments awl-shapea ; 

 anthers short, innate or somewhat introrse, 2-celled. Styles awl-shaped ; stig- 

 mas terminal. Seeds oblong, horizontal. — Slender perennials, mostly tufted, 

 with short or creeping rhizomes, and simple stems leafy only at the base, bearing 

 small flowers in a close raceme or spike. Leaves 2-ranked, equitant, linear, grass- 

 like. (Named for Mr. Tofield, an obscure English botanist of the 18th century.) 



* Glabrous; pedicels solitary, in a short raceme or head; seeds not appendaged. 



1. T. paliistris Huds. Scape leafless or nearly so (6-19 cm. high), slender, 

 bearing a globular or subcylindric head or short raceme of whitish flowers ; leaves 

 tufted, 2-4 cm. long. — Gasp6 Co., Que., to Minn., and northw. (Greenl., Eu.) 



* * Stem and inflorescence pubescent ; pedicels fascicled in threes; seeds caudate. 



2. T. glutinbsa (Michx.) Pers. Stem (1.5-4.5 dm. high) and jiedicels very 

 glutinous with dark glands; leaves broadly linear, short ; perianth not becom- 

 ing rigid ; capsule thin ; seeds with a contorted tail at each end. — Moist grounds, 

 Nf'd. to centr. Me., III., Minn., northw. and westw. ; also s. in the AUeghenies. 

 June, July. 



3. T. racembsa (Walt.) BSP. Stem (.3-9 dm. high) and pedicels roughened 

 with minute glands; leaves longer and narrower ; perianth rigid about the Arm 

 capsule : seeds with a short white appendage at each end. {T.pubens Michx.) 

 — Pine-barrens, N. J. to Fla. and Ala. July. 



6. AMIANTHIUM Gray. Fly Poison 



Perianth widely spreading ; the free white segments oval or obovate, without 

 claws or glands, persistent. 'Filaments capillary. Anthers, capsnles, etc., nearly 

 as in 31elanthium. Styles thread-like. Seeds 1-4 in each cell.— Glabrous, with 

 simple stems from a bulbous base or coated bulb, scape-like, few-leaved, termi- 

 nated by a simple dense raceme of handsome flowers, turning greenish with age. 

 (From iiilavTos, unspotted, and &veos, flower; a name formed with more regard 

 to euphony than to good construction, alluding to the glandless perianth.) 



