294 LILIACEAE (;lILY FAMILY^ 



5. T. grandifl5rum (Michx.) Salisb. Leaves less broadly rhombic-ovate. 



pedicel erect or ascending ; petals oblcmceolate, often broadly so (4-6 cm. long), 

 white turning rose-color or marked with green ; stamens with stout filaments 

 (persistently green about the fruit) and anthers, exceeding the very slender erect 

 or suberect and somewhat coherent stigmas; fruit subglobose. — Rich woods, 

 w. Que. and w. Vt. to Minn., Mo,, and N. C. 



•M- *+ Anthers at anthesis surpassed hy the stigmas. 



6. T. c^rnuum L. Leaves very broadly rhombic-ovate ; peduncles (8—33 mm, 

 long) usually recurved; petals white or pink, ovate- to oblong-lauceolate (12- 

 24 mm. long), wavy, recurved-spreading ; filaments nearly or quite equaling 

 the anthers; ovary white or pinkish ; stigmas stoutish, tapering from the base 

 to the apex; fruit ovoid. — Moist woods, Nfd. to Man., southw. to Pa., Mich., 

 Minn., and in the mts. to Ga. 



7. T. declinatum (Gray) Gleason. Leaves broadly rhombic ; peduncles (4-6 

 cm. long) usually horizontal; petals white, ovate-oblong (2-3.5 cm. long); fila- 

 ments less than half as long as the anthers ; stigmas sliort, stout, tapering 

 from the base to the apex ; ovary white or pinkish. {T. erectum^ var. Gray.") — 

 Woods, O. and s. Mich, to s. Minn, and Mo. 



** Ovary and fruit S-lobed or -angled, not winged; filaments slender^ about 

 equaling the anthers; pedicel erect or inclined; leaves petiolate. 



8. T. nivale Rlddell. (Dwarf White or Snow T.) Small (5-10 cm. high); 

 leaves oval or ovate, obtuse (2.5-5 cm. long) ; petals oblong, obtuse (12-30 mm. 

 long), white, scarcely wavy, spreading from an erect base, equaling the 

 peduncle; styles long and slender; fruit depressed-globose, with 3 rounded 

 lobes, 6-8 mm. long. — Rich woods, w. Pa. and Ey. to Minn, and la. 



9. T. undulatum Willd. (Painted T.) Leaves ovate, taper-pointed; petals 

 ovate or oval-lanceolate, pointed, loavy, widely spreading, white painted with 

 purple stripes at the base, shorter than the peduncle ; fruit broad-ovoid, obtuse, 

 14-18 mm. long. {T. erythrocarpum Michx.) — Cold damp woods and bogs, e. 

 Que. to Ont. and Wise, southw. in the mts. to Ga. 



32. AlETRIS L. Colic-root. Star Grass 



Perianth cylindrical, wrinkled and roughened outside by thickly set points, 

 the tube adhering below to the base of the ovary, 6-cleft at the summit. 

 Stamens 6, inserted at the base of the lobes ; filaments and anthers short, 

 included. Style awl-shaped, 3-cleft at the apex ; stigmas minutely 2-lobed. 

 Capsule ovoid, beaked, inclosed in the roughened perianth ; seeds numerous, 

 minute, costate. — Perennial and smooth stemless herbs, very bitter, with 

 fibrous roots, and a spreading cluster of thin and flat lanceolate leaves ; the 

 small flowers in a spike-like raceme, terminating a naked slender scape (4-10 

 dm. high). (AXerpls, a female slave who grinds corn; in allusion to the ap- 

 parent mealiness of the blossoms.) 



1. A. farin5saL. Flowers tubular, white; lobes lanceolate-oblong. — Grassy 

 or sandy woods, s. Me. to Fla., Ark., and Minn. July, Aug. 



2. A. aiirea Walt. Flowers bell-shaped, yellow, fewer and shorter than ii? 

 the preceding; lobes short-ovate. — Barrens, " Va.," S. C. to Fla. and Tex. 



• 33. SMILAX [Toum.] L. Green Brier. Cat Brier 



Flowers dioecious in umbels on axillary peduncles, small, greenish or yelloW' 

 ish, regiflar, the perianth-segments distinct, deciduous. Filaments linear, in- 

 serted on the very base, the introrse anthers linear or oblong, fixed by the base., 

 apparently 1 -celled. Ovary of fertile flowers 3-celled (I'-celled, with single 

 stigma in S. laurifolia) ; stigmas thick and spreading, almost sessile ; ovules 1 oi 

 2 in each cell, pendulous, orthotropous. Fruit a small beiTy. — Shrubby or her- 

 baceous, usually climbing or supported by a pair of tendrils on the petiole of thf 



