TILIACEAE (;LINDEN FAMILY) 565 



N. Y. ? to centr. HI., Mo., Neb., and south w. May, June. Var. foAtida 



Engelm., of the Mississippi Valley, has unpleasantly aromatic fruit. 



6. V. vulpina L. (River-bank or Fhost G.) Differing from the last in the 

 larger and more persistent stipules (4-6 mm. long), more shining and usually 

 3-lobed leaves with a broad rounded or truncate sinus and large acute or acumi- 

 nate teeth ; smaller compact inflorescence ; berries 8-10 mm. in diameter blue 

 with a bloom, acid and very juicy, ripening from Sept. to Nov. ; rhaphe indistinct. 

 ( V. riparia Michx.) — Stream-banks or near water, N. B. to W. Va., N. Dak. 

 and Kan. Var. praecox Bailey has small sweet early fruit, — Mo. 



7. V. palmlita Vahl. (Red or Cat G.) Branches bright red; leaves dark 

 green and dull, 3-5-lobed, with a broad sinus, the lobes usually long-acuminate ; 

 inflorescence large and loose ; berries black, without bloom, ripening late ; seeds 

 very large and rounded ; otherwise like no. 6, (F. rubra Michx.) — 111., Mo., 

 and southw, 



8. V. ruplstris Scheele. (Sand or Sugar G.) Usually low and bushy, often 

 without tendrils; leaves rather small, shining, broadly cordate, abruptly pointed, 

 with broad coarse teeth, rarely a little lobed ; berries rather small, sweet, in 

 very small close bunches, ripe in Aug. — Sandy banks, hills, etc., s. Pa. {Porter) 

 to Mo., and southw. Var. dissecta Eggert has more ovate and somewhat 

 laciniately toothed leaves. — Mo. 



§ 2. MUSCADInIA Planch. Bark closely adherent on the branches; pith con- 

 tinuous through the nodes; tendrils simple, intermittent; seeds with trans- 

 verse wrinkles on both sides. 



9. V. rotundifblia Michx. (Muscadine, Bullace, or Southern Fox G.) 

 Leaves shining both sides, small, rounded, heart-shaped at the base, with broad 

 and bluntish teeth, seldom lobed ; panicles small, densely flowered ; berries 

 large (1.2-L8 cm. in diameter), musky, purplish, without a bloom, with a 

 thick and tough skin, ripe early in autumn. ( V. vulpina Man. ed. 5, not L.) — 

 River-banks, Del. {Commons) to Ky., Mo., Kan., and southw. May. — Branch- 

 iets minutely warty. This is the original of the Scuppernong Grape, etc. 



TILIAcEAE (Linden Family) 



Trees {rarely herbs), with the mucilaginous properties, fibrous hark, valvate 

 calyx, etc., of the Mallow Family ; but the sepals deciduous, petals imbricated in 

 the bud, the stamens usually polyadelphous, and the anthers 2-celled. — Repre- 

 sented in northern regions by the single genus 



1. TfllA [Tourn.] L. Linden. Basswood 



Sepals 5. Petals 5, spatulate-oblong. Stamens numerous ; filaments coher- 

 ing in 5 clusters with each other (in European species), or with the base of a 

 spatulate petal-like body placed opposite each of the real petals. Pistil with 

 a 5-celled ovary, and 2 half-anatropous ovules in each cell, a single style, and a 

 5-toothed stigma. Fruit dry and woody, indehiscent, globular, becoming 1-celled 

 and 1-2-seeded. Embryo in hard albumen ; cotyledons broad and thin, 5-lobed, 

 crumpled. — Fine trees, with soft and white wood, very fibrous and tough inner 

 bark, more or less heart-shaped and serrate alternate leaves (oblique and (^ften 

 truncate at the base), deciduous stipules, and small cymes of flowers hanging 

 on an axillary peduncle which is united to a ligulate membranaceous bract. 

 Flowers cream-color, honey-bearing, fragrant. (The classical Latin name.) 



1. T. americ^na L. (Basswood.) Leaves large, green and glabrous or 

 nearly so ; floral bract usually tapering or stalked at base ; fruit ovoid, obscjirely 

 ribbed. — Rich woods. May, June. — Here rarely called Lime-tree, ofiener 

 Whitewood, commonly Basswood ; the last name now obsolete in England. 



2. T. Michauxii Nutt. Leaves smaller (5-7.5 cm. long), rather densely j>?^ 

 tesceni and grayish-green beneath ; floral bract usually rounded at base ; fruit 



