524 CORNACEAE (DOGWOOD FAMILYJf 



8 f Flowers greenish or purple in a dose duster, surrounded by a showy 

 usually i-bracted corolla-like lohite or pinkish involucre ; fruit bright red. 



1. C. canadensis L. (Dwarf C, Bunchberry.) Stems low and simple, 

 9-22 cm. hi?h, from a slender creeping and subterranean rootstock ; leaves 

 scarcely petioled, the lower scale-like, the upper crowded into an apparent whorl 

 in sixes or fours (rarely opposite), ovate or oval, pointed ; bracts of the involucre 

 ovate, short-acuminate ; flowers greenish-iohite or the petals purple-tipped ; fruit 

 o-lobular.— Damp cold woods, Lab. to Alaska, s. to N. J., W. Va., Ind., Mmn., 

 etc. June, July. (E. Asia.) —Leaves and involucres (rarely 3) often modified 

 and variously colored. , , , ,^.7.0 7 



2. C. suecica L. Similar but more slender ; leaves short-oval, m S-several 

 pairs, not verticillate ; flowers deep violet; involucral bracts ovate, obtusish, 

 usually smaller than in the preceding. — Wooded crests of headlands and cliffs. 

 Riviere du Loup, Que., and Nfd. to Greenl. and Alaska. July. (Boreal 



Eurasia.) ^ , . , , . . ^ -i 



3. C. fl6rida L. (Flowering D.) Tree, 4-12 m. high ; leaves ovate, pomted, 

 acutish at the base ; bracts of the involucre obcordate, 3-6 cm. long ; fruit ovoid. 

 — Dry woods, from s. Me. to Ont. and s. Minn., s. to Fla. and Tex. May, June. 

 Very showy in flower, scarcely less so in fruit. 



§ 2. Flowers white, in open flat spreading cymes; involucre none; fruit spher- 

 ical; leaves all opposite {^except in no. 11.) 



* Pubescence woolly and more or less spreading. 



•K- Fruit light blue. 



4. C. circinata L'H6r. (Round-leaved C. or D.) Shrub, 2-3 m. high; 

 branches greenish, warty-dotted ; leaves round-oval, abruptly pointed, woolly 

 beneath, 5-12 cm. broad; cymes flat; fruit light blue. — Copses, in rich or 

 eandy soil, or on rocks, e. Que. to Man., s. to Va., Ind., 111., la., and N. Dak. 

 June, July. 



5. C. Ambmum Mill. (Silky C, Kinnikinnik.) Shrub, 1-3 m. high; 

 branches purplish ; the branchlets, stalks, and lower surf ace of the ovate or ellip- 

 tical pointed leaves silky-downy (often rusty), pale and dull, not microscopically 

 papillose ; cymes flat, close ; calyx-teeth lanceolate ; fruit pale blue. ( O. sericea 

 L.) — Wet places, Nfd. to N. D., s. to Fla. and La. June. — C. Purpusi Koehne, 

 with slightly narrower leaves microscopically papillose but not rusty -pubescent 

 beneath, appears to be an inconstant form rather than a distinct species. 



4- -1- Fruit white. 



6. C. asperifblia Michx. Branches brownish; the branchlets, etc., rough- 

 pubescent; leaves oblong or ovate, on short petioles, pointed, rough with a harsh 

 pubescence above, and downy beneath ; corolla subcylindric in bud, petals rather 

 long; calyx-teeth minute ; fruit white, 5-6 mm. in diameter. — Dry or sandy 

 soil, n. shore of L. Erie to Minn., Kan., and southw. May, June. — A rather 

 tall shrub. C. PRfcEAE Small, of Ky. and Tenn., is said to have smaller fruit 

 (about 3 mm. in diameter). 



7. C. Baildyi Coult. & Evans. Branchlets brownish, spreading-pubescent, 

 not scabrous ; leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, not scabrous, appressed-pubescent 

 above, covered beneath with spreading and subappressed pubescence ; corolla 

 ovoid in bud ; petals short; frilit pure white. — Sandy shores, etc., w. Pa. and 

 s. Ont. to Minn, and Man. 



* * Pubescence closely oppressed, straight and silky, or none. 



8. C. stolonifera Michx. (Red-osier D.) Branches, especially the osier- 

 like shoots of the season, bright red-purple, smooth ; leaves ovate, rounded at 

 base, abruptly short-pointed, roughish with a minute close pubescence on both 

 sides, whitish underneath; cymes small and flat, rather few-flowered, smooth*. 

 fruit white or lead-color (rarely blue). — Wet places, Nfd. to Mackenzie, s. to 

 D. C. Great L. region, la., Neb., N. Mex., etc.; common, especially uorthw.— 



