SOLAN ACEAB (^NIGHTSHADE FAMILY; 713 



ihe peduncles also mostly lateral and extra-axillary. — A vast genus, chiefly in 

 warmer regions. (Name of unknown derivation.) 



* Not prickly ; anthers blunt; floicers and globose naked berries small. 



•4- Perennial, climbing or twining, 



1. S. DulcamXra L. (Bittersweet.) More or less pubescent; leaves 

 5vate-heart-shaped, the upper halberd -shaped, or with 2 ear-like lobes or leaflet? 

 at base; flowers (purple or blue) in small cymes; berries ovoid, red. — Moist 

 banks and around dwellings. June-Sept. (Nat. from Eu.) 



4- -t- Simple-leaved, annuals. 



2. S. triflbrum Nutt. Low, spreading, slightly hairy or nearly glabrous ; 

 leaves oblong, pinnatifid (7-9-lobed), with rounded sinuses; peduncles 1-3- 

 flowered ; corolla white ; berries green, as large as a small cherry. — Out. to 

 Man., Kan., and westw.; chiefly a weed near dwellings. 



8. S. nigrum L. (Common N.) Low, much branched and often spreading, 

 nearly glabrous ; the stem rough on the angles ; leaves ovate, wavy-toothed ; 

 Jlowers white, in small umlel-like lateral clusters, drooping; calyx spreading; 

 filaments hairy ; berries globular, black. — Shaded and rich open grounds : 

 appearing as if introduced, but a cosmopolite. July-Sept. 



Var. vill6sum L, Low, somewhat viscid-pubescent or villous ; leaves small, 

 conspicuously angular-dentate ; filaments glabrous ; berries yellow. — Estab- 

 lished near Philadelphia, from ballast. (Adv. from Eu.) 



* * More or less prickly ; anthers tapering upward; pubescence stellate. 

 ^ Perennial; fruit naked; anthers equal; corolla violet, rarely white. 



4. S. carolinense L. (Horse Nettle.) Hirsute or roughish-pubescent witJi- 

 4-8-rayed hairs ; prickles stout, yelloivish, copious (rarely scanty) ; leaves oblong 

 or ovate, obtusely siimate-toothed or lobed or sinuate-pinnatifid ; racemes sim- 

 ple, soon lateral; calyx-lobes acuminate; berry 1-1.5 cm. broad. — Sandy soil 

 and waste grounds, N. E. to Ont., westw. and south w,; adventive eastw. 



5. S. elaeagnifblium Cav. (White Horse Nettle.) Silvery-canescem 

 with dense scurt-like pubescence of many-rayed hairs ; prickles small, slender 

 more or less copious or wanting ; leaves laiiceolate to oblong and linear, sinuate- 

 repand or entire; calyx-lobes slender; berry 1-1.5 cm. in diameter. — Prairies 

 and plains. Mo. to Tex., and westw. 



•♦- -t- Annual ; fruit partly covered by the spiny calyx; anthers equal; corolla 



blue or white. 



6. S. sistmbriif6lium Lam. Villous with viscid hairs ; strongly armed 

 throughout with stout golden prickles; leaves deeply pinnatifid, the oblong 

 lobes sinuate or deeply cut ; calyx-lobes becoming ovate-lanceolate and loosely 

 covering the beriy. — Ballast and waste places near the coast. (Adv. from 

 Trop. Am.) 



■t- ■(- H- Annual ; fruit closely covered; lowest anther much the longest. 



7. S. rostrItum Dunal. (Buffalo Bur.) Very prickly, somewhat hoary 

 or yellowish with a copious wholly stellate pubescence ; leaves 1-2-pinnatifid ; 

 calyx densely prickly; corolla yellow; stamens and style much declined. — 

 Plains of Neb. to Tex.; recently spread eastw. to the coast as a weed. 



8. S. citruUifblium A. Br. Similar, but less glandular-pubescent; corolla 

 violet, 4 cm. broad. {S. heferodoxum Britton, not Dunal.) — la. and Kan., 

 southwestw. 



2. CHAMAESARAcHA Gray. 



Calyx herbaceous, closely investing the globose berry (or most of it), obscurely 

 if at all veiny. Corolla rotate, 5-angulate, plicate in the bud. Filaments fili- 

 form ; anthers separate, oblong. — Perennials, with mostly narrow entire or 

 pinnatifid leaves tapering into margined petioles, and filiform naked pedicels 

 solitary in the axils, refracted or recurved in fruit. (Saracha is a tropical 



