748 RUBIACEAE (MADDER FAMILY^ 



/. Flowers bright white, numerous, in a compact panicle; 



leaves linear-lanceolate 13. G^. boreale. 



e. Leaves mostly.in 6's or 8's ; flowers white, numerous, in leafy- 

 panicles. 

 Leaves firm, linear or oblanceolate, rarely 2 cm. long. 

 Flowering branches and pedicels strongly divaricate . 14. G. Mollugo. 

 Flowering branches and pedicels mostly ascending . . 15. 6. erectum. 

 Leaves thin, lanceolate, mostly 3-5 cm. long . . .16. G. aylvaticum, 

 d. Matted, reclining, or ascending plants, usually with more or less 

 retrorsely scabrous stems or leaves h. 

 h. Fruit smooth or merely granulate-roughened i. 

 i. Leaves obtuse. 



Flowers several in a small dichotomous cyme ; the pedi- 

 cels horizontally spreading 11. G. palustre. 



Flowers solitary or "in mostly simple cymes of 2-5 flowers. 



Corollas greenish-white, small (1.5 mm. or less broad), 



commonly with 3 obtuse lobes ; stems retrorse- 



scabrous. 



Flowers mostly solitary, on capillary arcuate scabrous 



pedicels 1%. G. irifldum. 



Flowers in 2*8 and 3's; pedicels straight, smooth . 19. G. Glaytoni. 

 Corollas white, 2-2.5 mm. broad, commonly with 4 acute 

 lobes ; stems mostly smooth. 

 Leaves chiefly ascending ; fruit 2.5-3.5 mm. in diam- 

 eter. 20. <r. iinetorium. 



Leaves chiefly reflexed'; fruit 1-1.5 mm. in diameter 21. G. labradoricum 

 i. Leaves acute or cuspidate. 



Leaves linear, slightly upward -scabrous on the margins . 22. G, concinnuni. 



Leaves lanceolate, retrorse-scabrous 28. 6^. asprellum. 



h. Fruit bristly 24. 6^. trifiorum. 



0. Fruit a berry ; leaves in 4's, 1-nerved 25. 6^. hUpidulum. 



1. G. virgatum Nutt. Slender and erect; stem 1-3 dm. high, simple or 

 branching from the base ; leaves mostly in 4's, thick, oblong or linear, 4-7 mm. 

 long ; flowers solitary, sessile, subtended by a pair of small bracteal leaves ; fruit 

 uncinate-hispid. — Dry soil. Mo. to Tenn. and Tex. 



2. G. Aparine L. (Cleavers, Goose Grass.) Stem weak and reclining, 

 bristle-prickly backward, hairy at the joints ; leaves about 8 in a whorl, lanceo- 

 late, tapering to the base, short-pointed, rough on the margins and midrib, 

 2.5-7 cm. long ; peduncles 1-S-flowered ; flowers white ; fruit bristly, 3-4 mm. in 

 diameter. — Seashores, Que. to Fla., and in rich or shaded ground inland; per- 

 haps sometimes introd. (Eurasia.) 



Var. Vaillantii (DC.) Koch. Smaller; the leaves less than 2.5 cm. long; 

 hispidulous fruit smaller, 1.5-2 mm. in diameter. {G. spurium L.) — Ont., 

 westw. and south west w. 



3. G. TRicoRNE Stokes. Resembling no. 2, rather stout, with simple branches ; 

 leaves 6 or 8, oblanceolate, cuspidate-mucronate, the margins and stem retrorsely 

 prickly-hispid ; flowers mostly in clusters of 3, dull white ; fruits rather large, 

 tuberculate-granulate, not hairy, pendulous. — Ballast, local. (Adv. from Eu.^ 



4. G. PARisiENSE L. Slender, diffuse, 1-3 dm. high, glabrous ; leaves 5-7, 

 oblanceolate to nearly linear, 5-10 mm. long, their margins and the angles of the 

 stem spinulose-scabrous ; flowers rather few, cymulose on leafy branches, green- 

 ish-white, very small ; fruit glabrous, more or less tuberculate. {G. anglicum 

 Huds.) — Roadsides, Va. (Nat. from Eu.) 



5. G. vijRUM L. (Yellow B.) Stems smooth, erect ; leaves 8 or sometimes 

 6 in the whorls, linear, roughish, soon deflexed ; flowers yellow, very numerous, 

 densely paniculate, the lower branches of the panicle at anthesis much exceeding 

 the subtending leaves; fruit usually vsmooth. — Dry fields, Me. to N. J., Pa., and 

 Ont., local. (Nat. from Eu.) 



6. G. WiRTG^Nii F. Schultz, Similar to the preceding ; flowers yellow, 

 slightly larger, 3 mm. in diameter ; the panicle long and interrupted, the lower 

 branches at janthesis shorter than or scarcely surpassing the subtending leaves. 

 — Established in meadows, Norfolk, Ct. {Miss Seymour). (Adv. fromEu.) 



7. G. pilbsum Ait. Hairy ; leaves oval, dotted, hairy, 2-2.5 cm. long, the 

 lateral nerves obscure ; peduncles 2-S-forked, the flowers all pediceled. — Dry 

 copses, N. H. to Ont., Mich., 111., Kan., and southw. 



Var. puncticul5sum (Michx.) T. & G. Almost glabrous; leaves varying 

 to elliptical-oblong, hispidulous-ciliate. — N. J. to Va. and Tex. 



