790 coMPosiTAE (composite family) 



++ ••-*• Leaves elongate^ the basal much larger than the upper and more or less 

 petiolcd; green plants of northern and mountainous regions. 



=■ Leaves thin, the basal with ovate or oblong blades, sharp-serrate, abruptly 

 naiToiced to the comparatively slender petioles. 



11. S. macrophylla Pursh. Stem stout, 3.5-12 dm. high, pubescent at 

 summit, simple below the inflorescence; leaves vei-y thin, scattered, irregularly 

 and coarsely serrate icith sharp salient teeth, all but the uppermost abruptly 

 contracted into long margined petioles, the lowest with blades 5-20 cm. long ; 

 heads many-flowered, in a wand-like compound raceme or contracted panicle 

 1-6 dm. long, the lower heads much exceeded, by their subtending leaves; 

 involucre slender-campanulate or thick-cylindric, 8-12 mm. long; its bracts 

 thin, scarious, linear-attenuate ; rays 8-10, elongated ; achenes smooth, 3-4 

 mm. long. — Woods, Nfd. to L. Superior, s. to N. S., N. B., e. and centr. Me., 

 and on upland slopes to ]\It. Monadnock, N. H., Mt. Grey lock, Mass., and the 

 Catskill Mts., K Y. July-early Sept. 



Var. thyrsoidea (Mey.) Fernald. Lower; the involucre much fuller and 

 broader (8-20 mm. broad), subglobose to cup-shaped; its bracts firmer, often 

 subherbaceous, narrowly deltoid to lanceolate. — Lab. to alpine regions of Gaspe 

 Co., Que., Mt. Katahdin, Me., and Mt. Washington, N. H. July, Aug. 



12. S. calclcola Fernald. Stems 2-10 dm. high, purplish, sunple or with 

 few erect branches, glabrous below, pubescent and somewhat glutinous above, 

 very leafy to the inflorescence; basal leaves elliptic, sharp-serrate, slenderly 

 wing-petioled ; the cauline oblanceolate, acuminate, sharply and irregularly 

 serrate above the middle, entire beloio and narrowed to broad-winged petioles, 

 or the uppermost sessile ; inflorescence from racemo-thyrsoid to thyrsoid-panicu- 

 late ; involucre 6-8 mm. long, its bracts mostly lance-attenuate, acute or 

 acutish ; rays rather short; achenes pubescent, 1-2 mm. long. — Calcareous 

 cliffs and rich woods, Gaspe Co., Que., to Aroostook Co., ]\Ie. Aug., Sept. 



= = Leaves thick and firm, the basal with the oblanceolate, spatulate, or nar- 

 rowly obovate blades crenate or crenate-serrate {rarely sharp-serrate) and 

 tapering gradually to the winged petioles. 



a. Involucre SO-oO-flowered ; cauline leaves 2-4 {rarely 5) below the inflorescence. 



13. S. Cutl^ri Fernald. Dicar/ (5-25 cm. high); the s^e?}i rather prominently 

 angled ; basal leaves obovate to broadly oblanceolate, crenate to serrate above 

 the middle ; the few cauline leaves oblanceolate to spatulate, of nearly uniform 

 size; inflorescence a few-headed terminal corymb or frequently the heads 

 clustered in the axils of the rather large divergent iipper leaves; heads very 

 full ; the short campanulate involucre 6-8 mm. high, 7-10 mm. broad, com- 

 posed of subherbaceous often glutinous oblong or lanceolate obtuse to acutish 

 bracts; achenes 3-3.5 mm. long, hirsute with spreading-ascending short hairs; 

 pappus barbellate. {S. Virgaurea, var. alpina Bigel. ; S. alpestris of recent 

 Am. auth., not Waldst. & Kit.) — Highest alpine districts of Me., N. H., Vt., 

 and N. Y. July-early Sept. 



b. Involucre 15-SO-floivered ; cauline leaves {except in abnormally floriferous 

 individuals') more numerous, ^{rarely 4:)-30 or more below the inflorescence. 



1. Midrib of the leaves usually prominent beneath; inflorescence {simple or 

 paniculately compound) dense, the pedicels rarely more than 3-4 mm. long. 



14. S. Randii (Porter) Britton. Often glutinous ; stems stoutish, commonly 

 purple-tinged, glabrous below, usually puberulent above, 3-8 dm. high ; leaves 

 numerous; the basal narrowly obovate to oblanceolate, acute or obtuse, serrate 

 or dentate, 7-20 cm. long; the cauline lanceolate or oblanceolate to elliptic, 

 gradually reduced upward, rarely bearing axillary fascicles, the lower often 

 serrate, the uppermost entire and 2-7 cm. long ; heads'crowded in a dense thyrse 

 or at the ends of the branches of an ample panicle (1-3 dm. long); involucre 

 6-6 mm. high, 3-5 mm. broad, the bluntish or acute bracts lance-deltoid to 

 linear; achenes '2r-2.(S mm. long, sparingly appressed-setulose or glabrate ; 

 pappus barbellate. {S. Virgaurea of recent Am. auth., in part, not L.; S. Vir- 



