COMPOSITAE (^COMPOSITE FAMILY) 823 



corymbose at the summit, with many heads, leafy ; leaves linear-lanceolate, 

 taper-pointed, sessile, tomentose on both surfaces, finally dull green above ; 

 involucral bracts pearly-white, very numerous, obtuse or rounded, radiating in 

 age. — Dry hills, woods, and recent clearings ; common northward. July, Aug. 

 (Asia.) 



Var. occidentalis Greene. Leaves broadly lanceolate, bright green and gla- 

 brous above from the first. — Gravelly or sandy soil, Nfd. and e. Que.- Alaska 

 to Cal. 



30. GNAPHALIUM L. Cudweed 



Heads many-flowered ; flowers all tubular, the outer pistillate and very slen- 

 der, the central perfect. Bracts of the involucre dry and scarious, white or 

 colored, imbricated in several rows. Receptacle flat. Achenes terete or flattish ; 

 pappus a single row of rough bristles. — Woolly herbs, with sessile or decurrent 

 leaves, and clustered or corymbed heads ; fl. in summer and autumn. Corolla 

 whitish or yellowish. (T va(f)d\iovj ancient Greek name of some downy plant, 

 from Kvd<pa\ov, a lock of wool.) 



§ 1. EUGNAPHAlIUM B. & H. Bristles of the pappus distinct. 

 * Tall erect annuals or biennials, with smooth achenes. 



1. G. polyc6phalum Michx. (Common Everlasting.) Erect woolly annual, 

 3-9 dm. high, fragrant ; leaves lanceolate, tapering at the base, undulate, not 

 decurrent, smoothish above ; heads clustered at the summit of panicled-corymbose 

 branches, ovoid-conical before expansion, then obovoid; bracts whitish, ovate 

 and oblong, rather obtuse; perfect flowers few. (^G. obtusifolium L. ?) — Old 

 fields and woods, common. 



Var. Hell§ri (Britton) Fernald. Stems glandular-viscid, not tomentose. 

 {G. Helleri Britton.) — N. Y. to Va., Ky., and southw. 



2. G. decurrens Ives. (Everlasting.) Stout, erect, 6-9 dm. high, annual 

 or biennial, branched at the top, clammy-pubescent, white-woolly on the 

 branches, bearing numerous heads in dense corymbed clusters; leaves linear- 

 lanceolate, partly clasping, decurrent; bracts yellowish-white, oval, acutish. — 

 Clearings, etc., e. Que. to B. C, s. to Pa., O., Mich., Minn., and in the Rocky 

 Mts. to Ariz. 



* * Low chiefly diffuse or tufted plants, with smooth or scabrous achenes. 



3. G. uliginbsum L. (Low C.) Diffusely branched or subsimple appressed- 

 woolly annual, 0.6-3 dm. high ; leaves spatulate-oblanceolate or linear, not 

 decurrent ; heads small, in terminal sessile capitate clusters subtended by 

 leaves; bracts brownish, less imbricated. — Ditches, roadsides, etc., Nfd. to 

 Sask., s. to Va., and the Great L. region. (Eu.) 



4. G. supinum L. (Mountain C.) Dwarf and tufted perennial, 1 dm. or 

 less high ; leaves linear, woolly ; heads solitary or few and spiked on the slen- 

 der simple flowering stems ; bracts brown, lanceolate, acute, nearly glabrous ; 

 achenes broader and flatter. — Alpine summits of Mt. Katahdin, Me., Mt. 

 Washington, N. H., and high northw. (Eu.) 



§ 2. GAMOCHAETA (Weddell) B. & H. Bristles of the pappus united at the 

 very base into a ring, so falling off all together; achenes Jiispididous. 



* Strict perennial, with mostly simple stems and narrow acute leaves. 



5. G. sylvdticum L. Silvery-silky, slender, 1-5 dm. high, l^afy ; leaves 

 linear or oblanceolate, the lower often glabrate above, the broadest barely 6 

 mm. wide; heads abundant in an elongated leafy spiciform inflorescence ; invo- 

 lucral bracts linear-oblong, pale, with a brown spot below the hyaline tip. — 

 Clearings and open places, Gasp6 Co., Que., to n. Me., N. B., and N. S. (Hu.) 



* * Simple or branching annual or biennial, with broad obtuse spatulate leaves. 



6. G. purpureum L. (Purplish C.) Ascending, 0.5-0 dm. high, silvery- 

 canescent with dense white wool ; leaves not decurrent, green above ; heads in 

 sessile clusters in the axils of the upper leaves, and spiked at the wand-like 



