836 COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 



hairy beneath ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, pointed, equaling the disk; rays about 

 12. — Dry soil, Pa. to Wise, " Minn.," southw. and southwestw. 



21. H. stnimbsus L. Stem 1-2 m. high, very smooth below, often glaucous- 

 leaves ovate-lanceolate^ tapering gradually to a iwint, or the lower ovate and 

 acute, abruptly contracted into short margined petioles, rough above, whitish 

 and naJced or minutely downy underneath; bracts broadly lanceolate, with 

 spreading tips, ciliate, equaling the disk; rays 9-15. — River-banks and low 

 copses, N, E. to Ont., Minn., and southw. Var. mollis T. & G. Leaves downy 

 underneath, often subcordate ; bracts looser and more attenuate. (Var. macro- 

 phyllu& Britton.) — N. E. and Pa. to Ont. and la. 



22. H. tracheliifblius Mill. Similar to the preceding; leaves thinner and 

 nearly equally green both sides, more sharply serrate, all distinctly petioled ; 

 bracts all loose and spreading, exceeding the disk, often much elongated. — 

 Copses, Ct. to Minn., southw. and southwestw. 



= = Leaves longer-petiolate, thinnish or soft^ coarsely serrate, commonly broad ; 

 bracts loose, hirsute-ciliate. 



23. H. decapdtalus L. Stem branching, 0.5-1.5 m. high, smooth below; 

 leaves smooth or roughish, ovate, pointed, abruptly contracted into margined 

 petioles ; bracts lanceolate-linear, elongated, loosely spreading, sometimes foli- 

 aceous, the outer longer than the disk; rays about 10. {H. scrophulariifolius 

 Britton ?) — Copses and low banks of streams, centr. Me. and w. Que. to 

 Minn., Mo., and southw. 



24. H. tuber5sus L. (Jerusalem Artichoke.) Pubescent or hirsute, 1.5- 

 3.5 m. high ; leaves ovate or subcordate to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, sca- 

 brous above, minutely pubescent or cinereous beneath ; bracts lanceolate, 

 attenuate, little exceeding the disk; rays 12-20. —N. Y. to Minn., westw. and 

 southw.; often cultivated, and introduced eastw. Var. subcanescens Gray. 

 Usually dwarf, the lower side of the leaves whitish with soft fine pubescence. — 

 Minn, to Mo., and westw. 



52. ACTIN6mERIS Nutt. 



Heads many-flowered ; rays neutral, few or none. Involucral bracts few, 

 herbaceous, nearly equal, soon deflexed beneath the globular disk. Receptacle 

 small, chaffy. Achenes flat, obovate, winged or wingless, at maturity spreading 

 in all directions ; pappus of 2-3 smooth persistent awns. — Tall branching 

 perennials, with serrate feather-veined leaves tapering to the base and mostly 

 decurrent on the stem. Heads corymbed ; flowers chiefly yellow. (Name from 

 uKTis, a ray, and nepls, apart; alluding to the irregularity of the rays.) 



1. A. alternifblia (L.) DC. Stem somewhat hairy, usually winged above, 

 1-2 m. high ; leaves alternate or the lower opposite, oblong or ovate-lanceolate, 

 pointed at both ends; rays 2-8, irregular. (A. squarrosa Nutt.; Verbesina 

 alternifolia Britton.) — Rich soil, N. J. to Ont., la., Kan., and southw. Aug., 

 Sept. 



53. VERBESINA L. Crownbeard 



Heads several-many-flowered ; rays pistillate, or sometimes neutral and 

 sterile, few or sometimes none. Involucral bracts imbricated in 2 or more rows. 

 Receptacle rather convex (conical in no. 3), the chaff concave. Achenes flat 

 (laterally compressed), winged or wingless, 2-awned. — Mostly perennial herbs; 

 the toothed leaves decurrent on the stem. Flowers mostly yellow. (" Name 

 metamorphosed from Verbena.^') 



* Heads slender, small, cymosely paniculate ; rays few, pistillate, usually fertile ; 



involucre erect. 



1. V. occidentalis (L.) Walt. Stem tall, 4-winged ; leaves opposite, OY^te 

 to oblong-lanceolate, triple-nerved, serrate, pointed at both ends, often pubes- 

 cent beneath, large and thin ; heads in compound corymbs ; receptacle flattish ; 

 flowers yellow ; rays 1-5, lanceolate ; achenes wingless. — Rich soil, Pa. to Ky., 

 and southw, Aug!-Oct. 



