COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 



839 



ghort-ovats or oblong, the inner connate above the middle ; rays short or usually 

 none; achenes less roughened. — Neb. and Kan., south w. and westw • adv 

 in Mo. * * 



56. BtDENS L. Bur Marigold 



Heads many-flowered ; the rays when present 3-8, neutral. Involucre 

 double, the outer commonly large and foliaceous. Receptacle flattish ; chaff 

 deciduous with the fruit. Achenes flattened parallel to the bracts of the invo- 

 lucre, or slender and 4-sided (rarely terete), crowned with awns or short teeth 

 (these rarely naked). — Annual or perennial herbs, with opposite various leaves 

 and mostly yellow flowers. (Latin, bidens, two-toothed.) ' 



^- B. — In this genus the measurements of the fruit relate to the inner 

 mature achenes. The outer are often shorter and uncharacteristic. The figures 

 of the heads are on a scale of f , those of the achenes are life size. 



a. Achenes flat (or at most with a strong rib on either face) h. 

 b. Eays small or wanting c, 

 c. Inner achenes less than 2 mm. broad. 



Heads cylindric or ellipsoid, much longer than broad ; disk-florets 

 3—4 ram. long; leaves simple. 

 Inner achenes 1 cm. or more long ; awns 6-8 mm. long . . \. B. hidenioides. 

 Inner achenes 7-9 mm. long; awns 8-4.5 mm. long ... 2. B. Eatoni. 

 Heads hemispherical, nearly or quite as broad as long ; disk-florets 

 1-1.5 mm. long; achenes 5.5-S.5 mm. long; awns 1.5-2.5 mm. 



long ; leaves ternately compound Z. B. discoidea. 



c. Inner achenes 2 mm. or more broad d. 

 d. Leaves simple ; heads subtended by long thick entire leafy bracts ; 

 achenes 8-10 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, retrorsely barbed, 

 the 3 (rarely 2 or 4) awns unequal, at most 6 mm. long . . Q. B. comosa. 

 d. Leaves pinnate ; achenes upwardly barbed at least at base : 

 awns 2. 

 Outer involucre of 5-8 leafy bracts; inner bracts oblong, 



equaling the disk ; achenes 2-3.3 mm. broad . . . 4. A frondoaa. 

 Outer involucre of 10-16 leafy bracts ; inner bracts ovate-trian- 



gular, shorter than the disk ; achenes 3.3-4 mm. broad . 5. B. vulgata. 

 o. Eays conspicuously exceeding the disk e. 



6. Leaves mostly pinnate ; awns (if present) upwardly barbed /. 

 /. Inner achenes 2 mm. or less broad, cuneate. 



Inner achenes 3-4.5 ram. long 11. B. ooronaia. 



Inner achenes 5-7 mm. long 12'. ^'. trichosp'erma,. 



J, Inner achenes more than 2 mm. broad, elliptic-obovate, with thin 

 scarious margins. 

 Outer foliaceous bracts 8-10, smooth or merely ciliate, shorter 



than the inner 13, J?. aHatosa. 



Outer foliaceous bracts 12-20, coarsely hispid, mostly longer 



than the inner 14. s. involucrata. 



e. Leaves simple or slightly divided ; achenes obovate, 8-4.5 mm. long, 



with short teeth 11. B. coronata. 



a. Achenes angled or terete g. 

 g. Achenes distinctly angled ; terrestrial or marsh plants h. 

 h. Leaves pinnate. 



Heads few-flowered, slender ; achenes linear, 4-angled, the inner 



1.2-1.8 cm. long, about 1 mm. broad 10. .5. bipinnata. 



Heads hemispherical, many-flowered ; achenes cuneate, 3-4 angled, 



4-6 mm. long (7) ^. connata, v. pinnata. 



lb. Leaves simple; heads hemispherical, many-flowered; achenes 

 cuneate or obovate. 

 Leaves petioled or with conspicuouslv narrowed bases ; fruiting 



heads erect * 1. B. connata. 



Leaves sessile or connate ; fruiting heads mostly nodding. 

 Outer bracts unequal, mostly exceeding the disk ; rays at most 

 twice the length of the disk ; achenes dilated above ; leaves 



mostly connate 8. A cernita. 



Outer bracts subequal, rarely exceeding the disk ; rays 2-4 times 

 as long as the disk ; achenes not dilated above ; leaves 



sessile, but rarely connate 9. B. laevis. 



g. Achenes terete, truncate at both ends, with the 3-6 very long awns 



smooth below ; aquatic, with the immersed leaves finely divided . 15. B. Beckii. 



1. B. bidentoides (Nutt.) Britton. Glabrous, paniculately branched, 2-^ dm. 

 high; leaves lanceolate, coarsely toothed, tapering at both ends; heads 1.5-2 

 cm. long ; the outer involucre of 4-5 bracts ; ray.' usually wanting ; achenes 



