COMPOSITAE (composite FAMILY) 861 



7. C NiGRA L. (Knapweed, Spanish Buttons.) father harsh somewhat 

 branched plant, with reduced leaves extending nearly or quite to the heads 



involucre subglobose ; the appendages oi Ihu hvj,Q,iA hirtelhnis, 

 blackish (rarely tawny) ; the outermost and middle ones lance'- 

 deltoid and very deeply iJectinale-ciliate ; the iiinermoat ovate 

 or orbicular, paler and irregularly lacerate ; corollas rose- 

 purple, all tubular. — Fields and roadsides, locidly abundant 

 m-£ c ni-ra NM. and Que. to N. J. July-Sept. (Nat, from Ku.) Fig. IOI2! 



T , ■ * i\ ' X V^i'- RadiXta DC. Involucre taiony (rarely blacki.sin • 



Involacre and bract ^^^^^,, ^^^^,,.^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^^.^^^^ _ ^^ g^ J^^^^ J^ Pa Nat 



^ '^- from Eu.) ^ 



8. C. americana Nutt. Tall and smoothish (0.5-1.5 in. high); stems con- 

 spicuously thickened below the showy heads; leaves oblong-lanceolate, mostly 

 entire; bracts all tvith conspicuously fringed scarious appendages, the outer- 

 most and middle with spi^eading, the elongate innermost loith ascending, teeth • 

 corollas rose-purple to flesh-pink, the outer conspicuously enlarged. — Plains' 

 Mo., southw. and southwestw. May-Aug. 



9. C. macul6sa Lam. Pubescent or glabrate, with ascending rather wiry 

 branches; involucre ovoid-campanulate, in fruit becoming open-campamihiie'; 

 the outer and middle ovate bracts with rather firm points and with 5-7 pairs of 

 cilia at the dark tip; innermost bracts elongate, entire or 

 lacerate ; corollas \Yhitish, rose-pink, or purplish, the marginal 

 falsely radiate. — Waste places, roadsides, etc., N. E. to N. J. 

 (Adv. from Eu.) 



10. C. vocHiNENSis Bernh. Harsh, somewhat resembling 

 no. 7; involucre of several very unequal series; the outer- 

 most bracts deltoid or ovate, short, the dark pointed tip bear- 1^,., ,, , . 

 mg b- 1 pairs of long Cilia ; middle bracts c\o\\^?iie-\2iJiQ.ed[2i\.e, , ^ . ib t 

 terminated by a dilated ovate or orbicular da)'^• pectinate ^"'^^^^^^^'^ ""^c 

 appendage ; innermost bracts elongate, with dark or brightly 



colored arose or lacerate appendage ; corollas rose-purple, the marginal falsely 

 radiate. — Fields and roadsides, local, N. E. to Ont. (Nat. from Eu.) Fig. 

 1013. 



87. CNtCUS L. Blessed Thistle 



Heads many-flowered ; flowers all tubular, the marginal sterile, shorter than 

 the others, which are perfect and fertile. Bracts of the ovoid involucre coria- 

 ceous, appressed, extended into a long and rigid spinous appendage. Recepta- 

 cle clothed with capillary bristles. Achenes terete, short, strongly inany-striate, 

 crowned with 10 short and homy teeth and bearing 10 elongated rigid bristles, 

 also 10 shorter alternating ones in an inner row. — An annual somewliat 

 pubescent herb, with scarcely pinnatitid-cut but spinescent leaves and large 

 leafy-bracted heads of yellow flowers. (Latin name of the Saftlower, from the 

 Greek kvt^kos.^ 



1. C. BENEDfcTus L. (Centaurca L.) — Roadsides and waste places, rare 

 N. B. and N. S. to Pa., and southw. (Adv. from Eu.) 



88. lApSANA L. Nipple-wort 



Heads 8-12-flowered. Bracts of the cylindrical involucre 8, erect; a short 

 outer series also present. Receptacle naked. Achenes oblong ; pappus none.— - 

 Slender branching annuals, with angled or toothed leaves, and loosely panicled 

 small heads ; flowers yellow. (The \aii\//dv7] of Dioscorides was evidently t 

 wild Mustard.) Lampsana Hill. 



1. L. COMMUNIS L. Nearly smooth, .S-8 dm. high ; lower leaves ovate, somr 

 times lyre-shaped. — Roadsides and waste places, Que. to Pa., and Mich. (Nal 

 from Eu.) 



