COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 863 



§3. CYNTHIA (D. Don) Gray. Involucre of the preceding section: achenes 

 more slender; pappus of 10-15 small oblong scales and 15-20 bristles • 

 perennial. * 



3. K. Dandelion (L.) Nutt. Roots slender, tubeHferous ; scapes leafless 

 J. 6-5 dm. high ; leaves varying from spatulate-oblong to linear-lanceolate, entire 

 or few-lobed. {Adopogon Ktze.) — Moist ground, Md. to Kan., and soutliw 

 March-July. 



4. K. amplexicaulis Nutt. (Cynthia.) i?oo«s^&ro?fs; stem 1-0 dm. high; 

 stem-leaves 1-3, oblong or oval, clasping, mostly entire ; the radical ones on 

 short winged petioles, often toothed, rarely pinnatifid ; peduncles 2-5. (Adopo- 

 gon virginicum Ktze.) — Moist banks, Mass. to Ont., Man., and southw May-, 

 Aug. 



93. HYPOCHAERIS L. Cat's-ear 



Similar to Leontodon, but at least the inner achenes produced into long slen- 

 der beaks. Receptacle chaffy. — Old World and South American herbs, with 

 bracteate slightly branching scapes and yellow flowers. (A name used by 

 Theophrastus for this or a related genus.) 



1. H. RADICA.TA L. Perennial; leaves hirsute; scapes 2-4 dm. high, stout ■ 

 heads 2.5-4 cm. broad; achenes all beaked. — Fields, waste places, and on bal- 

 last, Mass. to N. J. and Ont. (Morton). (Nat from Eu.) 



2. H. glAbra L. Slender, glabrous, with smaller heads ; outer achenes 

 truncate. — Sparingly in grassland in Me. and O.: naturalized in Cal. CAdv 

 from Eu.) 



94. LE6nT0D0N L. Hawkbit 



Heads many-flowered. Involucre scarcely imbricated, but with several bract- 

 lets at the base. Achenes spindle-shaped, striate, all alike ; pappus persistent, 

 composed of plumose bristles which are enlarged and flattened toward the base, 

 with sometimes an outer paleaceous crown. Receptacle not chaffy. — Low and 

 stemless perennials, with toothed or pinnatifid basal leaves, and scapes bearing 

 one or more yellow heads, (Name from X^wj/, a lion, and 65ovs, a tooth, in 

 allusion to the toothed leaves.) 



* Scape simple or branching, scaly-bracteate above; heads before anthesis 

 erect; pappus a single row of plumose bristles. 



1. L. autdmnXlis L. (Fall Dandelion, "Arnica.") Leaves laciniate- 

 toothed or pinnatifid, somewhat pubescent ; scape commonly forking, 1-6 dm. 

 high ; peduncles thickened at summit, scaly-bracteate (rarely leafy) , involucre 

 glabrous or slightly pubescent ; tawny pappus a row of equal bristles. — Fields 

 and roadsides, Nfd. to w. Ont., Mich., and Pa. Late May-Nov. — A frequent 

 teratological or pathological form has greenish-yellow heads without ligules. 

 (Nat. from Eu.) 



Var. PRATENSis (Link) Koch. Usually larger; involucre and tips of pe- 

 duncles densely soft-pubescent with blackish hairs. — Often more abundant 

 than the typical form. (Nat. from Eu.) 



** Scape simple and naked; heads before anthesis nodding; pappus of two 



kinds. 



H- Pappus similar in all the flowers, the obiter a few short setae., the inner a rois 

 of plumose bristles with dilated bases. 



2. L. HASTiLis L. Rather stout, glabrous throughout ; leaves oblong-lanceo- 

 late, dentate or pinnatifid ; scape 2-7 dm. high, thickened upward ; heads rather 

 large; involucre 11-14 mm. long, its smooth lanceolate bracts lead-colored. —r 

 Fields, local, Ct. to O. (Adv. from Eu.) 



Var. vdlgXkis Koch. Leaves, scape, and involucre bristly-hi.spid. (L. 

 hispidus L.) — Fields and waste places, R. I. to Oui. and s. N. Y. (Adv. 

 from Eu.) 



