864 COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 



- +■ Pappus of the marginal flowers a crown of short scales, of the innei 

 -flowers setiform and plumose. 

 3. L. NUDiCAULis (L.) Banks. Slender; leaves hispid; scape filiform, 1-2 

 dm. high ; involucre 7-10 mm, long, its lanceolate bracts hirsute or glabrous. 

 (L. hirtus L.) — Locally established in pastures and waste places, Ct. to N. J. 

 (Adv. from Eu.) 



95. PtCRIS L. 



Heads many-flowered, terminating leafy stems. Outer bracts loose or spread- 

 ing, Achenes with 5-10 rugose ribs ; pappus of 1 or 2 rows of plumose 

 bristles. — Coarse rough-bristly annuals or biennials, with yellow flowers. (The 

 Greek name of some allied bitter herb, from wiKpSs, bitter.) 



1. P. HiERACioiDES L. Rather tall, corymbosely branched, the bristles 

 somewhat barbed at tip ; leaves lanceolate or broader, clasping, irregularly 

 toothed; outer involucral bracts narrow; achenes oblong, with little or no 

 beak ; pappus sparsely plumose. — Waste places, sparingly in the interior, and 

 in ballast on the coast. June-Get. (Adv. from Eu.) 



2. P. ECHioiDES L. (Ox-TONGUE.) ^\m.\\?iV.,'bVitleavesandbractsspinescent, 

 the outer bracts ovate, subcordate, the narrow inner ones becoming thickened 

 below ; achenes beaked ; pappus densely plumose. — Similar situations. July- 

 Sept. (Adv. from Eu.) 



96. TRAG0p6G0N [Tourn.] L. Goat's Beard 



Heads many-flowered. Involucre simple, of several erect lanceolate attenuate 

 equal bracts. Achenes narrowly fusiform, 5-10-nbbed, long-beaked ; pappus 

 of numerous long plumose bristles. — Stout glabrous biennials or perennials, 

 with entire grass-like clasping leaves and large solitary heads of yellow or 

 purple flowers. (Name from rpdyos, goat, and 7rc67a>i', beard.) 



1. T. porrif6lius L. (Salsify, Oyster-plant.) Stem 1 m. or less high; 

 peduncle thickened and fistulous below the head ; flowers purple ; achenes and 

 pappus 7-8 cm. long. — Sparingly escaped from cultivation. (Introd. from 

 Eu.) 



2. T. PRATENSis L. (Goat's Beard.) Very similar; leaves somewhat 

 broader at base; peduncle little thickened; flowers yellow. — Fields, rocky 

 banks, etc., N. B. and N. S. to N. J., and westw. (Nat. from Eu.) 



97. CHONDRIlLA [Tourn.] L. Gum Succory 



Heads few-flowered. Involucre cylindrical, of several narrow linear equal 

 bracts and a row of small bractlets at base, Achenes terete, several-ribbed, 

 smooth below, roughened at the summit by little scaly projections, from among 

 which springs an abrupt slender beak ; pappus copious, of very fine and soft 

 capillary bristles, bright white. — Herbs of the Old World, with wand-like 

 branching stems, and small heads of yellow flowers. (A name used by Dioscor- 

 ides for some plant which exudes a gum.) 



1. C. JUNCEA L. (Skeleton-weed.) Biennial, bristly-hairy below, smooth 

 above, 1 m. or less high ; root-leaves runcinate ; stem-leaves few and small, 

 linear; heads scattered on nearly leafless branches, 1-1.5 cm. long. — Fields 

 and roadsides, abundant in Md, and n. Va. July, Aug. (Nat. from Eu.) 



98. TARAXACUM [Haller] Ludwig. Dandelion 



Heads many-flowered, large, solitary on U, slender hollow scape^ Involucre 

 double, the outer of short bracts ; the inner of long linear bracts, erect in a 

 single row. Achenes oblong-ovate to fusiform, 4-5-ribbed, the ribs roughened : 

 the apex prolonged into a very slender beak, bearing the copious soft white 

 capillary pappus. — Perennials or biennials ; leaves radical, pinnatifid or runci- 



