32 CAPRIFOLIACEAE— DIPSACEAE 



Caprifoliaceae — Honeysuckle Family 

 Shrubs or vines, rarely herbs, with mostly simple opposite leaves ; sepals united, more or less 

 completely fused with the ovary, petals 5, united, ovary 2-5 celled, stigma 1-3, fruit a capsule or berry; 

 flower syncarpous, sympetalous, epigynous, regular or irregular. 



Lonicera — Honeysuckle 



(Named fur the German herbalist, I.onitzer) 

 Leaves oblong, united in pairs above; flowers trumpet-like, red or yellow; 

 berry red L. sempervirens: trump- 



et h. 



Campanales Bluebell Order 



Campanulaceae — Bluebell Family 



Herbs with alternate leaves and milky juice; sepals 5, united, petals 5, united, stamens 5, ovary 

 2-5-celled, stigmas 25, fruit a capsule; flower syncarpous, sympetalous, epigynous, regular or ir- 

 regular. 



1. Flowers regular 



a. Flowers bell-shaped Campanula 



b. Flowers cup- or saucer-shaped Platycodon 



2. Flowers irregular, the tube slit Lobelia 



Campanula — Bluebell, Harebell 



(Lat. campana, bell, from the form of the corolla) 



1. Stigmas 3; calyx without appendages 



a. Native; flowers nodding; leaves linear C. rotundifolia 



b. Cultivated 



(1) Flowers solitary; leaves ovoid, petioled C. carpdthica 



(2) Flowers in a raceme; leaves lance-ovate, sessile C. rapunculoidcs 



2. Stigmas 5 ; calyx with leafy appendages C. medium: Canterbiiry 



bells 



Platycodon — Platycodon 



(Gr. platys, flat, kodon, belli from the corolla) 

 Leaves ovate, toothed; corolla blue or white, 4-6 cm. wide P. grandiflorum 



Lobelia — Lobelia 



(Named for the herbalist Lobelius) 

 Stems tufted, 4-6 in. high ; leaves lanceolate ; flowers blue L. crimes 



Asterales Aster Order 



Valerianaceae — Valerian Family 

 Herbs with opposite leaves; sepals adherent to the ovary, often invisible in flower, becoming 

 pappus-like in fruit, petals 5, united, stamens 1-3, ovary 3-celled, but only one cell with an ovule, 

 stigmas 1-3, fruit an achene ; flower syncarpous, sympetalous, epigynous, regular or irregular. 



1. Stamens 3; corolla without basal spur Valeriana 



2. Stamen 1 ; corolla with basal spur Centrdnthus 



Valeriana — Valerian 



(Lat. valeo, to be well, from the medicinal root) 



1. Leaflets 11-21 V. officinalis 



2. Leaflets 3-7 



a. Rootstalk horizontal V. pint 



b. Rootstalk long, tuberous V. edit! is 



Centranthus — Spurred Valerian 



(Gr. kentron, spur, anthos, flower) 

 Leaves lance-ovate, nearly entire; flowers red to white C. ruber 



Dipsaceae — Teasel Family 



Herbs with opposite leaves; calyx tube forming a border above the ovary, corolla 4-5-lobed, 

 stamens 4, ovary 1-eelled, stigma 1, fruit an achene; flower syncarpous, sympetalous, epigynous, 

 regular or irregular. 



