THE MILK INDUSTRY 119 



By combination further reduction might be suc- 

 cessfully resisted, but so long as action is isolated, 

 the necessities of the milk trade resulting from 

 the keenness of competition will ensure a further 

 fall. 



The milk represented by the butter and 

 cheese we import amounts to nearly 1,245,000,000 

 gallons, whereas the milk produced for consump- 

 tion, assuming the cows in this country 85 per 

 cent, of which are in milk to yield 400 gallons 

 per annum, is 1,400,000,000 gallons. In a calcu- 

 lation made for a paper read at the Imperial 

 Institute in 1895, I estimated the milk produced 

 and sold as milk and in the form of butter 

 and cheese at 1,405,000,000 gallons, so that the 

 estimated yield on the basis above mentioned 

 closely approximates to the estimated quantity 

 consumed in some form or other. In the first 

 place, the anual consumption of raw milk is 

 placed at 13 gallons per head of the population 

 per annum. The milk used in the manufacture 

 of butter is estimated at 2*8 gallons to the 

 pound ; while the milk utilized in the manufacture 

 of cheese is estimated at one gallon to the pound. 

 If we add to this the milk used for condensing, 



