418 THE CHEMISTRY OF THE SUN. [CHAP. 



5. By the hypothesis, the effects, in various degree, produced ly the 

 falls of associated material must le related to the effects, in like 

 degree, produced ly the ascents of dissociated material. 



The facts with regard to both these classes of phenomena 

 have already been stated; we will here give them again in 

 parallel columns : 



Effects of Falls. Effects of Ascents. 



1. Pores. 1. Domes. 



2. Yeiled spots. 2. Metallic strata and small 



prominences. 



3. Quiet spots. 3. Quiet prominences. 



4. Disturbed spots. 4. Metallic prominences. 



Now every observer of solar phenomena is perfectly con- 

 versant with the fact that the pores and the domes are most 

 closely associated in every solar region, and that the domes 

 are always seen in their greatest intensity as lines or masses 

 of faculae near spots or where spots have been. 



Observers armed even with small spectroscopes have found 

 that it is almost impossible to see a large spot at the edge of 

 the sun, which is the place for observing it best, without 

 finding the down-rush towards the photosphere of cool, absorbing 

 spot-producing material, accompanied by a metallic prominence 

 which indeed may consist of both descending and ascending 

 materials. 



There is one word which expresses, as well as anything I can 

 think of, the impression which is made on one by the combined 

 phenomena. There is a splash. 



Imagine an enormous cauldron of liquid iron, as hot as you 

 like. Play some water into it from a hose ; there will be a 

 splash. The water, of course, would be very violently heated ; 

 we probably might get some explosions, and as the result of 

 these explosions some liquid iron might be carried with the liquid 

 water which has entered into the liquid iron here and there. 



