THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 



147 



the lower part of the pharynx and larynx, and all the muscles of the larynx 

 except the crico-thyroid; by oesophageal branches, the mucous membrane 

 and muscular coats of the (Esophagus. Moreover, the branches of the 



FIG. 347. View of the nerves of the eighth pair, their distribution and connections on the left 

 side. 2-5. 1, pneumogastric nerve in the neck; 2, ganglion of its trunk; 3, its union with the spinal 

 accessory; 4, its union with the hypoglossal; 5, pharyngeal branch; 6, superior laryngeal nerve ; 7, 

 external laryngeal; 8, laryngeal plexus; 9, inferior or recurrent laryngeal; 10, superior cardiac 

 branch; 11, middle cardiac: 12, plexiform part of the nerve in the thorax; 13, posterior pulmonary 

 plexus; 14, lingual or gustatory nerve of the inferior maxillary; 15, hypoglossal, passing into the 

 muscles of the tongue, giving its thyroid-hyoid branch, and uniting with twigs of the lingual; 16, 

 glosso-pharyngeal nerve; 17, spinal accessory nerve, uniting by its inner branch with the pneumo- 

 gastric, and by its outer, passing into the sterno-mastoid muscle; 18, second cervical nerve; 19, third; 

 20, fourth; 21, origin of the phrenic nerve, 22, 23, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth cervical nerves, 

 forming with the first dorsal the brachial plexus; 24, superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic; 

 25, middle cervical ganglion; 26, inferior cervical ganglion united with the first dorsal ganglion: 27, 

 28, 39, 30, second, third, fourth, and fifth dorsal ganglia. (From Sappey after Hirschfeld and Leveille.) 



vagus form a large portion of the supply of nerves to the Heart and the 

 great Arteries through the cardiac nerves, derived from both the trunk 

 and the recurrent nerve; to the Lungs, through both the anterior and 



