INDEX 



377 



Metapterygium 80. 89 

 Metatarsals 79. See Hind limb 

 Metencephalon 297. See Cerebellum 

 Midbrain. See Mesencephalon 

 Middle cervical ganglion: mammal 



334; turtle 322 



Middle ear 30, 301 , 361 : development 



of 301; lizard 23; mammal 351-52; 



pigeon 25, 330; turtle 24, 323-24. 



See also Tympanic cavity 



Mitral valve: mammal 266; pigeon 



246 



Molar gland 184 

 Molar teeth 125 

 Molgula 12, 13 

 Monodelphia 7, 279 

 Monotremata: classification of 7; 



oviducts 278; pectoral girdle 88 

 Motor, definition of 297-98 

 Mouth cavity. See Oral cavity 

 MUllerian duct. See Oviduct 

 Muscles: development of 43, 128; 

 epaxial 128; hypaxial 128; inser- 

 tion 131; involuntary 128; origin 

 131; parietal 128; parts of 135; 

 somatic 128; visceral 128, 129; 

 voluntary 128 



Muscles, of eye. See Eye muscles 

 Muscles, of mammals: acromio- 

 trapezius 147; adductor femoris 

 154; adductor longus 153, 154; 

 adductor magnus 153; anconeus 

 150; basioclavicularis 140; biceps 

 brachii 150; biceps femoris 151, 

 153; brachialis 150; caudofemoralis 

 153; cephalobrachial 142; clavo- 

 brachialis 142; clavodeltoid 140, 

 148; clavotrapezius I42,i47;cleido- 

 mastoid 140, 141; cutaneous 

 maximus 134; deltoid 140, 145, 148; 

 depressor conchae posterior 140; 

 digastric 141, 142; extensor anti- 

 brachii 150; extensor digitorum 

 longus 155, 156; extensor hallucis 

 longus 155; external oblique 135- 

 36, 137; flexor digitorum longus 

 i55 157; gastrocnemius 155, 156; 

 geniohyoid 142; gluteus maximus 



151, 1.53! gluteus medius 152, 153; 

 gracilis 152, 154; iliocostalis 146, 

 149; iliopsoas 339; infraspinatus 

 145, 148; intercostals 146, 149; 

 internal oblique 137; latissimus 

 dorsi 136, 144, 147; levator scapu- 

 lae 149; levator scapulae ventralis 



144, 147; longissimus 146, 149; 

 masseter 140, 142; multifidus 137; 

 mylohyoid 141, 142; panniculus 

 carnosus 134; pectpantibrachialis 

 139; pectoralis major 139; pec- 

 toralis minor 139; pectoralis primus 

 139; peroneus 155, 156; plantaris 

 155, 156; platysma I34~35, UG; 

 psoas minor 339; quadriceps 

 femoris 152, 154; rectus abdominis 

 137; rectus femoris 152, 154; 

 rhomboideus 144, 147; rhomboideus 

 capitis 145, 147; sacrospinalis 137; 

 sartorius 152, 154; scalenes 145, 

 149; semimembranosus 153, 154; 

 semispinalis dorsi 146, 149; semi- 

 tendinosus 153, 155; serratus 

 dorsalis 146, 149; serratus ventralis 



145, 148; soleus 155, 156; splenius 

 144, 147; spinotrapezius 147; 

 sternohyoid 140, 141; sternomas- 

 toid 140, 141; sternothyroid 141, 

 142; subscapularis 145, 148; supra- 

 spinatus 144, 148; temporal 142; 

 tensor fasciae latae 151, 153; 

 tenuissimus 155; teres major 145, 

 148; teres minor 145, 148; thyro- 

 hyoid 141, 143; tibialis anterior 

 155, 156; tibialis posterior 157; 

 transverse 137; trapezius 144, 147; 

 triceps brachii 150; vastus inter- 

 medius 152, 154; vastus lateralis 



152, 154; vastus medialis 152, 

 154; xiphihumeralis 139 



Muscular system 128: dogfish 128-30; 

 mammal 133-57; Necturus 130-33; 

 pigeon 179-80 



Myeloncephalon 297. See Medulla 

 oblongata 



Myocomma, definition of 43, 129 



Myoseptum 43, 129 



Myotome 43, 128: Amphioxus 9; 

 dogfish 129; head 299-300; Nec- 

 turus 130 



Nares: alligator 112, 113; elasmo- 

 branch 303; lizard 23; mammal 26, 

 117-18; Necturus 22, 171; pigeon 

 25, 177; turtle 24, 175 



Nasal cavities 300, 361: elasmo- 

 branch 303; mammal 349-50; 

 Necturus 319; pigeon 329; turtle 

 323 



Nasopalatine duct 185 



Nasopharynx 186 



Necturus: arterial system 226-28; 

 chondrocranium 1 1 1 ; circulatory 

 system 222-30; classification of 

 7; coelom 169; digestive system 

 168-71; external anatomy 22-23; 

 fore limb 90; gill arches in, 112; 

 heart 222, 228-29; hind limb 81; 

 jaws no, in; mesenteries 169-70; 

 muscular system 130-33; nervous 

 system 318-21; pectoral girdle 

 89-00; pel vie girdle 80-8 1 ; respira- 

 tory system 171; ribs 69; skull 

 107-12; urogenital system 283-84; 

 venous system 222-26; vertebral 

 column 68-69 



Nephrostome 273, 275 



Nephrotome 39, 41 



Nervous system 296-361: develop- 

 ment of 296-97, 359-61; elasmo- 

 branchs 301-18; functional com- 

 ponents 297-98; mammal 333-59; 

 Necturus 318-21; parts of 296; 

 pigeon 328-33; summary 3 59-61; 

 turtle 321-28 



Neural arch 60, 61. See Vertebral 

 column 



Neural canal 60, 65. See Vertebral 

 column 



Neural crest 296 



Neural folds 36, 38 



Neural spine 60, 61. See Vertebral 

 column 



Neural tube, development of 36, 38, 

 296-97 



Neuromere 299-300 



Nodosal ganglion 343 



Nose. See Nasal cavities 



Notocentrous vertebra 69 



Notochord 5: development of 37, 39; 

 in skull 96-98; in vertebral column 

 59-61, 63, 65 



Oblique septum 159, 181, 196, 199 



Obturator foramen: bird 82; mammal 

 84; turtle 81 



Occipital condyle 98, 109, 117, 113 



Occipital nerves 315 



Occipital region of skull 104: alli- 

 gator 114; mammal 119; Necturus 

 109 



Oculomotor nerve 360: cat, 348, 354; 

 elasmobranch 308, 310-11; Nec- 

 turus 320; pigeon 331; rabbit 346- 

 47,354; turtle 325 



Odontoid process: alligator 71; 

 mammal 74; turtle 72 



Olecranon: bird 92; mammal 93 



Olfactory bulb: elasmobranch 307; 

 mammal 353, 354, 358 



Olfactory capsule 97, 104-5: alligator 

 115; mammal 12122; Necturus, 

 in; in development of skull 97, 

 104-5. See also Nasal cavi- 

 ties 



Olfactory fossa of skull 351 



Olfactory lobe: elasmobranch 307; 

 Necturus 320; pigeon 331-32; 

 turtle 224 



Olfactory nerve 360: elasmobranch 



307, 309-10; mammal 353; Nec- 



turus 320; pigeon 329, 331; turtle 



325 

 Olfactory sacs: development of 300, 



361; elasmobranch 303. See also 



Nasal cavities 

 Olfactory tract: elasmobranch 307; 



mammal 354 



Omentum, greater: 190, 191, 198 

 Omentum, lesser: 166, 191 

 Operculum 20 

 Ophthalmic nerve 360: cat 348-49; 



elasmobranch 307, 311-12, 313; 



Necturus 320-21; pigeon 329 



331-32; rabbit 347; turtle 323, 



325-56 



Opisthocoelous 76 

 Optic capsule 97, 105 

 Optic chiasma: elasmobranch 317; 



mammal 3 54; Necturus 321; pigeon 



332; turtle 327 

 Optic lobes: elasmobranch 308, 318; 



mammal 353; Neclurus^ao; pigeon 



331; turtle 3 24 

 Optic nerve 360: cat 348; elasmo- 



branch 305, 310; Necturus 320; 



pigeon 331; rabbit 347; turtle 325 

 Optic pedicel 98, 305 

 Optic tract: elasmobranch 31 7; mam- 



mal 356, 358; pigeon 332 

 Oral cavity: elasmobranch 167-68; 



mammal 183-85; Necturus 171; 



pigeon 176-77; turtle 175 

 Oral glands 161: mammal 183-84 

 Orbit, definition of 98. See under 



Skull 



Orbital fossa 1x7 

 Origin, of muscle 131, 136 

 Ossification 58, 103 

 Ostium, of oviduct 278: dogfish 281; 



mammal 289; Necturus 284; pigeon 



287; skate 281; turtle 284 

 Ostrich, sternum 92 

 Otic capsule 97, 104: alligator 114; 



mammal 120; Necturus 100-10 

 Otolith 306, 319 

 Ovary 278: dogfish 280; mammal 



289; Necturus 283; pigeon 286; 



skate 281; turtle 284 

 Oviducal gland 282 

 Oviduct 278-79: dogfish 280-81; 



mammal 278-79, 289; Necturus 



283-84; pigeon 286, 287; skate 



281-82; turtle 284 



Palate 118, 119: mammal 184-85; 



S'geon 176-77 

 toquadrate cartilage. See Ptery- 



goquadrate cartilage 

 alli 



Pallium: pigeon 333; turtle 327 

 Pancreas 163, 199: elasmobranch 



164; mammal 192; Necturus 169, 



170; pigeon 182; turtle 174 

 Papillae, of tongue 185 

 Papillary muscles 266 

 Parachordal 97: bones derived from 



104 

 Paraphysis 297, 318: elasmobranch 



318; Necturus 320; turtle 324 

 Parathyroids 162 



Parietal peritoneum 158, 166, 190. IQ- 

 Parotid gland 141, 184 

 Patella: bird 83; mammal 84 

 Pecten, of eye 330 

 Pectoral artery 244 

 Pectoral fin: elasmobranch 89, 



Polyplerus 89 

 Pectoral girdle 78-79, 86-87: birds 



91; elasmobranch 88-89; frog 90; 



mammals 92-93; membrane bones 



of 87; origin of 79; parts of 86-87; 



reptiles 90-91; urodeles 80-90 

 Pectoral vein 242 

 Peduncles of cerebellum: elasmo- 



branch 308; mammal 354 355, 



Pelvic fin: elasmobranchs 18, 19, 80 



Pelvic girdle 78-79: birds 82, 83; 



elasmobranchs 79-80; mammals 



