MOVEMENT, ENVIRONMENT 271 



Do any parts exhibit greater permeability for dyes than other 

 parts? Use methylene blue. (MacArthur). 



Students will be divided into groups to work out the answers 

 to the following questions: (1) Will transverse pieces from any part 

 of the body regenerate an entire new animal. (2) Will longitudinal 

 strips regenerate entirely? (3) Will obliquely cut pieces regenerate? 

 (4) On an obliquely cut piece which eye regenerates first? (5) Can 

 the protrusible pharynx regenerate? (6) What is the smallest 

 proportion of the body which will regenerate? (7) How do small 

 triangular pieces from the side of the body regenerate? (8) Is 

 regeneration more rapid in the light or in the dark? (9) What is 

 the effect of starvation on the size of the worm? (10) Can you get 

 double-headed or tailed forms by splitting the head or tail? 



C. Recall the experiments in I illustrating the behaviour of 

 Protozoa to their environment. 



D. Responses in a plant. Touch the different organs of the 

 Sensitive Plant, Mimosa, with varying degrees of strength. Deter- 

 mine the rate at which the impulse travels along a frond in cms. 

 per sec. Compare this with conduction in the frog and mammalian 

 nerve. Note the pulvinus at the base of each frond and leaflet. 

 Can you account for the action of the plant on the assumption of 

 osmotic changes? 



E. The fundamental differences between plants and animals. 

 The fundamental difference between plants and animals does not 

 consist in powers of movement, since many plants are motile, 

 e.g., algae, while many animals, e.g., corals, are sessile, nor in 

 any other obvious external character. The difference lies in the 

 fact that plants manufacture their food from raw materials using 

 CO 2 and H 2 O to form carbohydrates, nitrates as a source of protein 

 nitrogen, etc. Animals are unable to do this. Once the requisite 

 materials are made up into the proper compounds, the process by 

 which energy is liberated for the carrying on of life is essentially 

 the same in plants and animals, i.e., respiration is common to 

 both. Plants are unique in their powers to form materials which 

 store up energy. Chief of these processes is photo-synthesis, the 

 production of carbohydrates from CO 2 and H 2 O by means of the 

 energy of sunlight. 



(1) Place an equal number of Planaria of the same size in each 



