78 GENERAL BIOLOGY. 



Take off the calyptra and by reflected light note 

 beneath it : 



(b) The operculmn. 



Sketch the capsule with the calyptra removed. Take 

 off the operculum and observe : 



(c) Around the rim on which it rested, the 



teeth of the peristome. 



(d) Stretched across between the tips of the 



teeth, the epiphragma partially closing 

 the spore-case. 

 Divide the capsule transversely and make a diagram 



of the cut surface. 

 Examine and sketch a spore. 

 C. PKOTONEMA. 



Examine with the naked eye some living moss- 



protonema* 



Mount some of the protonema in water; with needles 

 gently separate the green .filaments; cover and 

 examine with D 2. Observe : 



1. The green branching filaments made up of 



cells. 

 Sketch. 



2. Growing out in places from the protonema 



buds developing into moss-plants. 

 If observed, sketch. 



* Found growing as a green encrustation on banks of earth 

 without much other vegetation, by roadsides, etc., in partly 

 shaded places, especially those exposed to the north. 



