84 GENERAL BIOLOGY. 



layers of thick-walled cells without chloro- 

 phyll. Compare with the epidermis of the 

 ferD. 



2. Elongated cells closely packed together, with 



their long diameter at right angles to the 

 surface of the leaf, the palisade tissue, con- 

 taining many chlorophyll-bodies. 



3. Other cells containing chlorophyll, somewhat 



irregular in shape and loosely arranged, 

 so that between them are large open 

 spaces, intercellular spaces. 



4. The veins, fibrovascular bundles, cut trans- 



versely or obliquely. 



5. The lower epidermis, much like the upper, 



but with stomata at intervals. 

 What is the relation between the position of 

 the stomata and the intercellular spaces ? 



FLOWER. 

 Geranium. 



I. The General Structure. 



(a) Borne on a short stalk (pedicel). 

 (6) Composed of four rows or whorls of 

 organs. 



1. The external green calyx. 



2. Inside the calyx the corolla, the most conspic- 



uous part of the flower. 



3. Inside the corolla the stamens. 



