SPERMAPHYTES. 93 



3. Note the venation of the foliage leaves and 



their arrangement on the stem. 



4. What is the character of the root-system ? 



ROTATION AND CIECULATION or PEOTOPLASM. 



I. Mount in water a duster of young leaves of Nitella. 



Examine with AA 2 and D 2. 

 Observe : 



1. The chlorophyll-grains arranged in rows. 



2. The neutral zone, free from chlorophyll. 



3. The current of protoplasm just below the 



level of the chlorophyll-grains. 

 Diagram ! 



II. Mount in water one or more hairs from the filament 



of the stamen of Tradescantia. 



With AA 2 note the rosary-like appearance of 

 the hair. Study with the high power and see 

 the active circulation of currents of protoplasm 

 around and through the central vacuole, 



Diagram ! 



STAECH WITHIN CHLOEOPHYLL-GEAINS. 

 I. Mount in water some pieces of Nitella leaves. 



Note especially at the cut ends the chlorophyll- 

 granules containing highly refractive bodies 

 starch-grains. 



1. Draw some iodine solution under the cover- 



glass. What parts are stained ? 

 Diagram ! 



2. Mount another specimen of Nitella and add 



