52 



EXPLANATION OF EXERCISE XVII 



The main purpose of a bottle filler is to fill several bottles at the 

 same time and to do it in such a manner that there will be the smallest 

 possible amount of loss. With the modern filler the overflow, air, 

 froth, etc., is removed from the bottle by means of a small tube which 

 connects with the filler tube and extends upward above the level of the 

 milk in the filler tank. In cleaning the machine it is necesslary to 

 scrub the inside of these tubes with a long handled brush provided for 

 the purpose. Simply rinsing the tube is not sufficient. The filler 

 tubes usually consist of two parts, one which fits over the other, and 

 the outside tube works up and down on the inside tube when the filler 

 is operated. This makes it necessary for the tubes to fit perfectly, 

 and great care must be taken not to oughen the surfaces of these 

 tubes. In some cases the outside and inside tubes are numbered to 

 correspond so that the operator in assembling the machine may 

 always know which tubes fit one another. 



The end of the outside filler tube is provided with a rubber gasket 

 so that a perfect union is made with the bottle when the filler is in 

 operation. Bottles with chipped and broken edges 'are liable to cut 

 the rubber gaskets, and unless pains are taken to clean them they 

 become filled with milk, rendering them unsanitary. 



Bottles to be washed, should first be soaked in water as hot as the 

 hand will bear, to which has been added some washing powder. After 

 washing on the brushes, the bottles should be rinsed in a tank of clean, 

 hot water. The bottles should then be sterilized by means of live 

 steam. If live steam is not available they may be placed in scalding 

 hot water. It is best not to place the crates used to fill bottles inside 

 the sterilizer, as the action of live steam soon destroys the crates. 

 Crates suitable for this purpose may be made from ordinary lumber. 

 This method, however, has the disadvantage of making it necessary to 

 transfer the bottles to the filler crates at the time of bottling. 



