TURDUS 



Germany. In Asia it is common to the Yenesei valley and 

 occurs in decreasing numbers east to the Pacific Ocean. In 

 winter it ranges south to Algeria, Madeira, the Canaries, 

 Turkestan, Persia, and the Himalayas. In Britain it only occurs 

 on migration and in winter. 



It frequents the woodlands and is but seldom seen in open 

 tree-less localities, and its food is similar to that of its 

 congeners. Its song is clear and sweet, though somewhat 

 melancholy and in quality inferior to that of Turdus musicus. 

 The nest, which is placed on a very low tree or bush, or even on 

 the ground, is constructed of pine-twigs, bents, and lichens, the 

 foundation being plastered with earth, and the eggs, usually 

 6 in number, are deposited in May or early in June, resemble 

 those of T. merula but are smaller, measuring about 1*0 by O'TO, 

 but like thoseof many other species they vary, exhibiting what 

 may be termed a " red " or a " green " type, not that either of 

 these colours is in its purity ever reached, but in a series of 

 eggs the tendency to one or the other extreme tinge is clearly 

 shown. 



8. DUSKY THRUSH. 

 TURDUS DUBIUS. 



Turdus dutius, Bechst. Naturg. Deutschl. iv. p. 240 Taf. v. b (1795) ; 

 Dresser, ii. p. 63, pi. 7 ; T. fuscatus. Pall. Zoogr. Ross. As. i. p. 451 

 (1871), Naumann, xiii. p. 307 taf. 359, figs. 1,2, Gould. B. of E. 

 pi. 79 ; Seebohm, Cat. B. Br. Mus. v. p. 262 ; Tacz. F. 0. Sib. 

 0., p. 289 ; Dresser, Ibis., 1901, p. 446, pi. ix. figs. 1-4 (eggs). 



Drozd chernosoboy , Russ. 



Ad. (Yenesei). Above greyish brown, streaked with dark brown ; super- 

 cilium buff ; rump washed with rufous ; tail blackish brown ; quills 

 broadly margined with rufous ; below dull white, spotted on the sides 

 with black ; breast and flanks boldly marked with black ; under wing- 

 coverts and axillaries rufous ; bill dark brown, yellowish at the base ; 

 legs light brown ; iris dark brown. Culmen 0'82, wing 5'15, tail 3*8, 

 tarsus 1*35 inch. The young bird is much paler and duller, the under 

 parts less boldly marked, and the margins of the wing-feathers are paler 

 and greyish rufous in colour. 



Hob. Asia as far north as the limit of tree growth, east to 

 Kamchatka, the Commander Islands, and Japan, in winter rang- 

 ing south to China, Mongolia, Assam, and N.W. India. To 



