12 TURDUS 



visible. In size they varied from 33 by 23 to 31'6 by 22*25 

 millimetres (1'30 by 0'91 to 1'23 by 0'88 inch). Both male and 

 female took their share in incubating. 



13. SWINHOE'S THRUSH. 

 TURDUS HORTULORUM. 



Turdus hortulorum, Sclater, Ibis, 1863, p. 196 ; (Seebohm), Cat. B.'Br. 

 Mus. v. p. 267 ; Turdus cardis, (nee. Temm.), Swinhoe, Ibis, 1861, 

 p. 37 ; T. pelios (nee. Bp.), Cab. J. f. 0. 1870, p. 238 ; Tacz. 

 F. O. Sib. 0. p. 311 ; T. camplelli, Swinh. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1873, 

 p. 374 ; T. chrysopleurus, id. Ibis, 1874, p. 444, pi. xiv. 



$ ad. (E. Siberia). Upper parts pale slate-grey, crown tinged with 

 greyish, lores brownish, throat and breast whitish grey, the former streaked 

 with darker grey ; lower breast, flanks, axillaries, and under wing-coverts 

 rich deep orange red ; beak and legs yellow, iris brown. Culmen 0'85, 

 wing 4 '6, tail 3'2, tarsus 1 '3 inch. The female differs in having the upper parts 

 almost uniform olive brown, the middle of the throat nearly white and the 

 cheeks and breast spotted with dark brown. The young bird has the 

 upper parts greyish brown, the crown striated, the sides of the head pale 

 grey, throat white, moustachal stripe brown ; molar stripe white ; lower 

 throat buff, spotted ; centre of abdomen white, the flanks pale rufous. 



Hob. Eastern Siberia, the Ussuri country, and the coasts of 

 the sea of Japan, wintering in Southern China. 



It arrives in the Ussuri country early in May, inhabits the 

 forests, and is extremely shy. It is an excellent songster sur- 

 passing it is said all other Siberian Thrushes. The nest, which 

 is placed in a tree, is constructed of grass-bents, plant stems, and 

 rootlets and lined with similar but finer materials, The egg 

 is pale green spotted and marked with rusty-red and measures 

 25 by 19 millimetres (0*99 by 075 inch). 



14. JAPANESE BROWN THRUSH. 

 TURDUS CHRYSOLAUS. 



Turdus chrysolaus, Temm, PI. Col. pi. 537 (1831) ; Temm and Schleg. 

 Faun. Jap. Aves, p. 64, pi. xxviii Schrenck Eeis. &c., Amurl. i. 

 p. 352 ; (Seebohm), Cat. B. Br. Mus. v. p. 275 ; Tacz. F. 0. Sib. 0. 

 p. 313. 



Akahara, Japanese. 



g ad. (Japan). Upper parts pale russet-brown, the head tinged with 

 grey ; lores, darker ; chin and throat sooty -brown ; breast and flanks rich 

 fox-red ; abdomen and under tail-coverts white ; axillaries and under wing- 

 coverts pale slate-grey tinged with dull white ; beak brown, paler at base 



