14 TURDUS 



spruce groves, and differs little from its allies in its general 

 habits. Its song is clear and rich, but it seldom gets be- 

 yond two or three notes. Its nest is placed on a tree at an 

 altitude of from 15 to 20 feet ; resembles that of a Fieldfare, is 

 strongly built and lined with fine grass and dry larch needles. 

 The eggs 4 to 5, seldom 6, are deposited in June, and resemble 

 small eggs of the Blackbird, but are sometimes more richly 

 spotted and blotched with rusty-red, and in size measure about 

 1-06 by 0-75. 



16. RED-THROATED THRUSH. 



TURDUS RUFICOLLIS. 



Turdus ruficollis, Pall. Reis. Russ. Reichs. iii. p. 694 (1776) ; Naumann, 

 xiii. p. 316, Taf. 360 ; Gould, B. of Asia, iii. pi. 66 ; Dresser, ii. p. 

 67, pi. 8 ; Tacz. F. 0. Sib. 0. p. 300 ; David and Oust. Ois. Chine, 

 p. 156 ; (Seebohm), Cat. B. Br. Mus. v. p. 269 ; (Gates) F. Brit. Ind. 

 Birds, ii, p. 130. 



ad. (E. Siberia). Upper parts greyish olive brown, superciliary 

 stripe, chin, and throat rich chestnut red ; under parts white ; outer tail 

 feathers fox red ; flanks washed with grey ; under wing-coverts and axil- 

 laries orange red ; beak horn-brown^ paler at the base ; legs light brown ; iris 

 brown. Culmen 0*8, wing 5*3, tail 4*1, tarsus 1'35 inch. The female differs 

 in having the throat rufous buff, marked with grey and rufous, the super- 

 ciliary stripe bufFy white, and the lower throat marked with brown. The 

 young bird has the upper parts marked with buffy white, and the throat 

 and upper breast buff, spotted with brown, the abdomen spotted with 

 brown, and the tail narrowly tipped with dull white. 



Hob. Eastern Siberia and central Asia, wintering in 

 Turkestan, Afghanistan, the Himalayas. Mongolia, and China ; 

 has strayed to Europe, having been obtained in Heligoland and 

 Germany. 



Like its allies this Thrush frequents wooded localities and is 

 said to be shy and unobtrusive in its habits. It probably 

 breeds in Eastern Siberia, but its nest and eggs are as yet 

 unknown. 



17. BLACK-THROATED THRUSH. 



TURDUS ATRIGULARIS. 



Turdus atrigularis, Temm. Man. d'Orn. i. p. 169 (1820) ; Gould, B. of E. 

 ii. pi. 75 ; id. B. of Gt. Brit. ii. pi. 36 ; Dresser, ii, p. 83, pi. ii. ; 

 (Seebohm) Cat. B. Br. Mus. v. 267 ; Tacz. F. O. Sib. 0. p. 305 ; 

 (Gates) F. Brit. Ind. Birds, ii. p. 131 ; Newton, i. p. 276 ; Saunders, 

 p. 9 ; Lilford, iii. p. 88, pi. 44 ; Dresser, Ibis, 1901, p. 446, pi. ix. figs. 

 9-12 (eggs) ; T. bechsteini, Naumann, ii. p. 310, Taf. 69, figs. 1, 2, 

 361, figs. 1, 2. 



