TURDUS 19 



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22. SIBERIAN THRUSH. 



TURDUS SIBIRICUS. 



Turdus sibiricus, Pall. Reis. Russ. Reichs. iii. p. 694, (1776) ; Gould. B. 

 of Gt. Brit. ii. pi. 40 ; Dresser, ii. p. 87, pi. 12 ; David and Oust. Ois. 

 Chine, p. 149 ; (Seebohm). Cat. B. Br. Mus. v. p. 180 ; (Tacz.) F. 

 0. Sib. 0. p. 282 ; (Gates), F. Brit. Ind. Birds, ii. p. 138 ; Saunders, 

 p. 12 ; Lilford, iii. p. 89, pi. 45 ; Dresser, Ibis. 1901, p. 447. pi. 

 ix. figs. 13, 16, (eggs). T. bechsteinii, Naumann, ii. -p. 310, pi. 69, 

 figs. 1, 2. 



Toratsugumi, Mamie-jiro, Japanese. 



$ ad. (Japan). Upper parts black tinged with slate grey j under parts 

 dark slate grey ; middle of the abdomen and a conspicuous superciliary 

 stripe white ; bill blackish horn paler at the base ; legs light brown ; iris 

 dark brown. Culmen 0'85, wing 4'65, tail 3*45, tarsus 1'2 inch. The 

 female is olive brown above, white washed with buff below, the throat, 

 breast, and flanks spotted with brown. In all plumages this species is 

 recognizable in having a white or whitish band across the under surface of 

 the wing. 



Hob. Siberia, east of the Yenesei valley and Japan, wintering 

 in China, Burma, Java, and Sumatra ; the Adamans ; has strayed 

 to Europe where it has occurred in Turkey (once), Germany, 

 France (once), and Great Britain (once). 



In habits this thrush is essentially terrestrial, obtaining its 

 food, which consists of worms, snails, insects, &c., on the ground, 

 and it frequents wooded damp localities. Its song is said to be 

 extremely sweet and melodious. It breeds in Siberia in from 

 66 to 68 N. lat,, and in Japan, constructing a somewhat untidy 

 nest of dry grass with a scanty wall of mud and an inner lining 

 of coarse dry grass, which is usually placed in the fork of a tree 

 a, few feet from the ground. The eggs, 4 to 6 in number, 

 are deposited late in June, and vary considerably, some resem- 

 bling those of T. viscivoruSy others being pale blue green finely 

 spotted with reddish. In size they vary from T02 by 0*78 to 

 118 by 0-87. 



23. RING OUSEL. 

 TURDUS TORQUATUS. 



Turdus torquatus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 296 (1766) ; Naumann, ii. p. 

 318, Taf. 70 ; Hewitson,i. p. 93, pi. xxv. figs. 3, 4 ; (Gould.) B. of E. 

 ii. pi. 73 ; id. B. of Gt. Brit. ii. pi. 38 ; Dresser, ii. p. 113, pi. 14 ; 

 (Seebohm), Cat. B. Br. Mus. v. p. 246 ; Newton, i. p. 287 ; Saunders, 

 p. 15 ; Lilford, iii. p. 94, pi. 47. 



c 2 



