-28 CIXCLUS 



or less whitish, the quills and wing-coverts tipped and margined with 

 white, tail dark brown tipped with white ; sides of head grey with white 

 shaft-streaks ; under parts grey marked like the upper parts but with 

 more pronounced black tips and sub-terminal white patches. 



Hal. Turkestan, Afghanistan, and the Himalayas from Gilgit 

 to Bhutan. 



Like the white-breasted Dippers, this species frequents run- 

 ning streams, especially in rocky localities, and in general 

 habits and note does not differ from those. It is found in 

 the mountains at elevations of from 11,000 to 14,000 feet, 

 according to the season. It breeds from March to December, 

 the nest being large globular masses of moss, like a gigantic 

 Wren's nest, and lined with dry leaves, fern, and fine rootlets, and 

 placed in the cleft of a rock, usually overhanging the water. 

 The eggs 5 in number are pure white like those of O. melano- 

 gaster, and average about TO by 0*72. 



40. SOMBRE DIPPER. 

 CINCLUS SORDIDUS. 



Cinclus sordidus, Gould, P.Z.S. 1859, p. 494 ; id. B. of Asia, iv. pi. 23 ; 

 Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. vi. p. 317 ; Gates, F. Brit. Ind. Birds, ii. 

 p. 165. 



Ad. Head and neck brown with a faint rufous tinge ; upper parts 

 blackish slate ; wings and tail dark brown, externally margined with 

 slate ; sides of head, throat, and breast pale chocolate or rufous buff ; rest 

 of the under parts dull dark umber-brown, the lower flanks and tail- 

 coverts washed with slate. Culmen 0*8, wing 3'25, tail 1*8, tarsus 1*15 

 inch. 



Hob. Northern Kashmir and Ladak. It is said to occur in 

 Northern Tibet, but I have never seen a specimen from there, 

 nor indeed any but the type which was obtained in Kashmir. 

 It does not differ from its allies in habits, and its nest and eggs 

 are unknown. 



41. PALLAS'S DIPPER. 

 CINCLUS PALLASI. 



Cinclus pallasi, Temm. Man. d'Orn. e"d. 2, i. p. 177 (1820) ; Gould, B. of 

 E. ii. pi. 85, id. B. of Asia, iv. pi. 22 ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. vi. p. 

 316 ; Gates, F. Brit. Ind. Birds, ii. p. 164 ; (David and Oust.) Ois. 

 Chine, p. 146 ; Tacz. F. 0. Sib., 0. p. 216. 



Ad. (Japan). General plumage blackish brown or deep chocolate 

 brown much darker than C. asiaticus ; edge of the eyelid white ; 

 abdomen blackish brown ; wings and tail blackish, externally margined 



